{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T00:33:35Z","timestamp":1789605215371,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,7]],"date-time":"2025-08-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754524800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Ophthalmol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study aims to examine the effect of intravitreally applied epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor blocker panitumumab on the proliferation of retinal pigment epithelium cells (RPE) in an experimental model of localized retinal degeneration.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The experimental study included rabbits with age of 2 to 3 months and body weight of 2.5\u20133 kg and which were randomly distributed into a study group and control group. The right eyes received two retinal argon laser coagulation spots (500 mW; diameter, 100 \u03bcm; duration, 0.5 s), applied with an interval of 2 min at the same location close to the vascular streak in the posterior fundus region. For five times at 2-day intervals, the rabbits of the study group received intravitreal injections of 1 mg panitumumab (0.10 mL), and the rabbits of the control group had intravitreal injections of 0.10 mL Ringer\u2019s solution. At baseline, at each time point of re-examination, and at study end, the animals were examined by fundus photography and optical coherence tomography of the laser spot.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study included 19 rabbits (study group: 10 animals; control group: nine animals). After the third injection and at study end, the laser-induced area of depigmentation + hyperpigmentation combined did not vary significantly between the study group and the control group (1.43 \u00b1 0.63 mm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> versus 1.63 \u00b1 0.77 mm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.56; and 1.37 \u00b1 0.63 mm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> versus 1.61 \u00b1 0.74 mm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.46, respectively). At the same time points, the area with hyperpigmentation was significantly smaller in the study group than in the control group (0.16 \u00b1 0.15 mm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> versus 0.80 \u00b1 0.59 mm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.01; and 0.14 \u00b1 0.14 mm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> versus 0.70 \u00b1 0.56 mm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.02, respectively). At the same time points, the ratio of the hyperpigmented area to the combined depigmented + hyperpigmented area was significantly smaller in the study group than in the control group (0.11 \u00b1 0.09 versus 0.43 \u00b1 0.19 mm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.001; and 0.10 \u00b1 0.08 versus 0.35 \u00b1 0.23mm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.006, respectively)<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>These findings indicate that intravitreally administered panitumumab was associated with reduced subretinal hyperpigmentation in a laser-induced model of retinal injury. While this may reflect a modulation of the RPE response, including the potential suppression of RPE proliferation, further studies incorporating histological and molecular analyses are warranted to confirm its effect on subretinal fibrosis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fopht.2025.1641194","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,7]],"date-time":"2025-08-07T04:11:57Z","timestamp":1754539917000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Intravitreal panitumumab and retinal pigment epithelium proliferation in laser-induced retinal degeneration in rabbits"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Mukharram M.","family":"Bikbov","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gyulli M.","family":"Kazakbaeva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Songhomitra","family":"Panda-Jonas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iskander D.","family":"Valishin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aigul M.","family":"Nizamutdinova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jost B.","family":"Jonas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(13)70113-X","article-title":"Causes of vision loss worldwide, 1990-2010: a systematic analysis","volume":"1","author":"Bourne","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(17)30393-5","article-title":"Global causes of blindness and distance vision impairment 1990-2020: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"5","author":"Flaxman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)60282-7","article-title":"Age-related macular degeneration","volume":"379","author":"Lim","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)31550-2","article-title":"Age-related macular degeneration","volume":"392","author":"Mitchell","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)60272-4","article-title":"Myopia","volume":"379","author":"Morgan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa054481","article-title":"Ranibizumab for neovascular age-related macular degeneration","volume":"355","author":"Rosenfeld","year":"2006","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2013.10.023","article-title":"RADIANCE: a randomized controlled study of ranibizumab in patients with choroidal neovascularization secondary to pathologic myopia","volume":"121","author":"Martin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2013.10.023","article-title":"RADIANCE: a randomized controlled study of ranibizumab in patients with choroidal neovascularization secondary to pathologic myopia","volume":"121","author":"Wolf","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006982-199212020-00009","article-title":"Pathologic findings in pathologic myopia","volume":"12","author":"Grossniklaus","year":"1992","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21908","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-01500-2","article-title":"Histology of neovascular myopic macular degeneration","volume":"11","author":"Jonas","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000101926","article-title":"Epidermal growth factor receptor in cultured human retinal pigment epithelial cells","volume":"221","author":"Yan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ophthalmologica"},{"key":"B12","article-title":"Growth factor responsiveness of human retinal pigment epithelial cells","volume":"31","author":"Leschey","year":"1990","journal-title":"Invest. 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