{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T12:28:49Z","timestamp":1787228929476,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787184000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Ophthalmol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>The imaging studies play an important role in the diagnosis and management of orbital lesions. This article provides a comprehensive overview of ultrasonographic imaging features and its practical application in the evaluation of orbital lesions. In this article, we review the features of common orbital lesions using ultrasonography, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging correlation. The topics will include tumors, inflammatory diseases, congenital malformations, and orbital trauma. Each condition is reviewed in relation to its clinical presentation and imaging characteristics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fopht.2025.1679711","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T12:04:37Z","timestamp":1787227477000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The application of ultrasonography in the differential diagnosis of orbital lesions"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Bernadete","family":"Ayres","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan","place":["Ann Arbor, MI, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hakan","family":"Demirci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan","place":["Ann Arbor, MI, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2014.03.007","article-title":"Periocular hemangiomas and lymphangiomas","volume":"61","author":"Reem","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pediatr Clin North Am"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1016\/j.survophthal.2017.01.004","article-title":"Cavernous venous malformation (cavernous hemangioma) of the orbit: Current concepts and a review of the literature","volume":"62","author":"Calandriello","year":"2017","journal-title":"Surv Ophthalmol"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1097\/IOP.0000000000000176","article-title":"The natural history of orbital cavernous hemangiomas","volume":"31","author":"McNab","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.83.1.76","article-title":"Orbital lymphangioma: an analysis of 26 patients","volume":"83","author":"Tun\u00e7","year":"1999","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/IOP.0b013e31822323af","article-title":"Confirmation of and differentiation among primary vascular lesions using ultrasonography","volume":"27","author":"Ko","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.survophthal.2018.08.002","article-title":"Orbital lymphoma","volume":"64","author":"Olsen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Surv Ophthalmol"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0039-6257(83)90123-6","article-title":"Ocular and orbital involvement in leukemia","volume":"27","author":"Kincaid","year":"1983","journal-title":"Surv Ophthalmol"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00176888","article-title":"Plasmacytoma of the eye and orbit","volume":"20","author":"Adkins","year":"","journal-title":"Int Ophthalmol"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3928\/01913913-20110504-02","article-title":"Differential diagnosis and update in the management of rhabdomyosarcoma","volume":"48","author":"Shields","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22608\/APO.201707","article-title":"An update on tumors of the lacrimal gland","volume":"6","author":"Andreasen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Asia Pac J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2020.06.015","article-title":"Lymphoma of the lacrimal gland - 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