{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,9]],"date-time":"2025-12-09T06:11:48Z","timestamp":1765260708918,"version":"3.46.0"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,9]],"date-time":"2025-12-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765238400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Ophthalmol."],"abstract":"\n Purpose<\/jats:title>\n To investigate the microbial profiles in the retina and RPE\/choroid, and how they respond to retinal injury.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n Adult C57BL\/6J mice were subjected to retinal laser burns using a photocoagulator. One and 24h later, the retina and RPE\/choroid were collected under strict sterile conditions and processed for 16S rRNA paired-end sequencing (2\u00d7250). The data were analyzed using R software, GraphPad Prism, OmicShare, and Wekemo Bioincloud.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Microbiota were detected in the retina and RPE\/choroid under normal physiological conditions. The alpha diversity was higher in the retina than in the RPE\/choroid. All retinal microbiotas at the phylum level and 12 out of 14 at the genus level were shared with those of RPE\/choroid. The top phyla were\n Firmicutes<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n Proteobacteria<\/jats:italic>\n , and\n Actinobacteria<\/jats:italic>\n . Retinal laser injury reduced the alpha diversity but did not affect beta diversity. In the RPE\/choroid, the abundance of\n Actinomyces<\/jats:italic>\n and\n Roseburia<\/jats:italic>\n decreased, and the abundance of\n Lactobacillus<\/jats:italic>\n increased significantly after laser injury. The abundance of\n Sphingomonas<\/jats:italic>\n in the retina decreased, and the abundance of\n Faecalibacterium<\/jats:italic>\n and\n Bifidobacterium increased (P&lt;0.05)<\/jats:italic>\n after laser injury in the retina.\n Faecalibacterium<\/jats:italic>\n and\n Bifidobacterium<\/jats:italic>\n are positively linked to Th17\/IL-17 signaling and RIG-I-like receptor signaling pathways, as well as antigen processing and presentation.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n \n The neuroretina and RPE\/choroid have diverse microbiomes under normal conditions. Their richness and evenness are relatively stable in the retina compared to those in the RPE\/choroid. Retinal laser injury enriches\n Faecalibacterium<\/jats:italic>\n and\n Bifidobacterium<\/jats:italic>\n in ocular tissues, and these microbiotas may participate in retinal wound healing through modulating inflammation.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fopht.2025.1719090","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,9]],"date-time":"2025-12-09T05:13:07Z","timestamp":1765257187000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The microbiome exists in the neuroretina and choroid in normal conditions and responds rapidly to retinal 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