{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T03:50:24Z","timestamp":1793332224652,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":186,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]],"date-time":"2026-01-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767744000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Ophthalmol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Lacrimal gland masses represent a diverse group of pathological processes, including inflammatory, lymphoproliferative, and neoplastic lesions. They often present as a palpable mass in the superolateral orbit. There is significant overlap in clinical presentation, and imaging with ultrasound, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging is essential for further characterisation. Key radiological features such as laterality, lobe involvement, lesion composition, margin definition, enhancement pattern, and associated bony changes can significantly narrow the differential diagnosis. This review will describe the radiological features of lacrimal gland masses to guide decision-making.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fopht.2025.1724513","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]],"date-time":"2026-01-07T06:59:43Z","timestamp":1767769183000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Imaging features of lacrimal gland disease"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Carmelo","family":"Caltabiano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khizar","family":"Rana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Buckby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandy","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dinesh","family":"Selva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/j.cpradiol.2020.09.003","article-title":"Imaging of lacrimal gland pathologies: A radiological pattern-based approach","volume":"50","author":"Vora","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr Problems Diagn Radiol"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.12.9553","article-title":"Lacrimal gland masses","volume":"201","author":"Gao","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Roentgenology"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0040-1722700","article-title":"Masses of the lacrimal gland: evaluation and treatment","volume":"82","author":"Kim","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Neurol Surg B Skull Base"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTH.S331252","article-title":"Lacrimal gland lesions biopsied in a tertiary eye center in Saudi Arabia: A clinical, radiological, surgical, and histological review","volume":"16","author":"Alturkistany","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Ophthalmol"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01676830.2022.2055085","article-title":"Normative lacrimal gland dimensions by magnetic resonance imaging in an Australian cohort","volume":"42","author":"Rana","year":"2023","journal-title":"Orbit"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.sult.2006.09.002","article-title":"Imaging of the lacrimal gland","volume":"27","author":"Hughes","year":"2006","journal-title":"Semin Ultrasound CT MRI"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11282-025-00820-7","article-title":"Bone alterations in head and neck pleomorphic adenoma: Scoping review","volume":"41","author":"De Vriese","year":"2025","journal-title":"Oral Radiol"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1259\/0007-1285-54-648-1034","article-title":"Lacrimal gland tumours: the role of CT and conventional","volume":"54","author":"Lloyd","year":"1981","journal-title":"Br J Radiol"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20211333","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr.20211333","article-title":"The forgotten lacrimal gland and lacrimal drainage apparatus: pictorial review of CT and MRI findings and differential diagnosis","volume":"95","author":"Nair","year":"2022","journal-title":"Br J Radiol"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3348\/kjr.2007.8.4.336","article-title":"The radiological spectrum of orbital pathologies that involve the lacrimal gland and the lacrimal fossa","volume":"8","author":"Jung","year":"2007","journal-title":"Korean J Radiol"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1097\/IIO.0000000000000220","article-title":"Lacrimal gland tumors","volume":"58","author":"Proia","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int Ophthalmol Clinics"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01676830802333667","article-title":"Lacrimal fossa lesions: pictorial review of CT and MRI features","volume":"27","author":"Vaidhyanath","year":"2008","journal-title":"Orbit"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.184.4.01841320","article-title":"Diffusion-weighted MR microimaging of the lacrimal glands in patients with sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome","volume":"184","author":"Kawai","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Roentgenology"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02713683.2024.2349637","article-title":"Radiological imaging of the lacrimal gland in sjogren\u2019s syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"49","author":"Singh","year":"2024","journal-title":"Curr Eye Res"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7863\/jum.2000.19.8.505","article-title":"Sonography of lacrimal glands in Sj\u00f6gren syndrome","volume":"19","author":"Giovagnorio","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Ultrasound Med"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-3768.2012.02402.x","article-title":"Epithelial tumours of the lacrimal gland: a clinical, histopathological, surgical and oncological survey","volume":"91","author":"von Holstein","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmologica"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22608\/apo.201707","article-title":"An update on tumors of the lacrimal gland","volume":"6","author":"Andreasen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila)"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16615","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-43817-0","article-title":"Clinical characteristics, radiologic features, and histopathology of biopsied lacrimal gland tumors","volume":"13","author":"Aryasit","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/0-387-27086-8_18","article-title":"Lacrimal gland tumors","volume-title":"Orbital Tumors: Diagnosis and Treatment","author":"Kim","year":"2005"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ICU.0b013e32830b13e1","article-title":"Epithelial tumors of the lacrimal gland: an update","volume":"19","author":"Bernardini","year":"2008","journal-title":"Curr Opin Ophthalmol"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/IOP.0b013e31803eb18a","article-title":"Lacrimal gland pleomorphic adenomas with low-density zones resembling cystic change on computed tomography","volume":"23","author":"Gibson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Plast Reconstructive Surg"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/IOP.0000000000002620","article-title":"Presumed lacrimal gland pleomorphic adenoma with extensive ossification and necrosis","volume":"40","author":"Hughes","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Plast Reconstructive Surg"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2017-311538","article-title":"Lacrimal gland pleomorphic adenoma and Malignant epithelial tumours: clinical and imaging differences","volume":"103","author":"Young","year":"2019","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-004-0787-z","article-title":"Benign myoepithelioma of the lacrimal gland: report of a case","volume":"262","author":"Bolzoni","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur Arch Oto-Rhino-Laryngology Head Neck"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1997.01100160758017","article-title":"Myoepithelioma of the lacrimal gland","volume":"115","author":"Grossniklaus","year":"1997","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(14)71713-1","article-title":"Warthin tumor of the lacrimal gland","volume":"124","author":"Bonavolont\u00e0","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01676830600575543","article-title":"Oncocytoma of the lacrimal gland: case report and review of the literature","volume":"25","author":"Calle","year":"2006","journal-title":"Orbit"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.87.3.363","article-title":"An unusual tumour of the lacrimal gland","volume":"87","author":"Hartman","year":"2003","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-3768.2006.00849.x","article-title":"Oncocytoma of the lacrimal gland","volume":"85","author":"Economou","year":"2007","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmologica Scandinavica"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1076\/orbi.21.4.301.8556","article-title":"Cystadenoma of the lacrimal gland","volume":"21","author":"Bajaj","year":"2002","journal-title":"Orbit"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.76.7.401","article-title":"Primary Malignant neoplasms of the lacrimal gland","volume":"76","author":"Wright","year":"1992","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archophthalmol.2009.209","article-title":"Epithelial lacrimal gland tumors: pathologic classification and current understanding","volume":"127","author":"Weis","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/IOP.0000000000001957","article-title":"Carcinoma expleomorphic adenoma of the lacrimal gland","volume":"37","author":"Vahdani","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Plast Reconstructive Surg"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1097\/IOP.0000000000001625","article-title":"Malignant mixed tumor (Carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma) of the lacrimal gland","volume":"36","author":"Tom","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Plast Reconstructive Surg"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3341\/kjo.2018.0026","article-title":"High-grade mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the lacrimal gland","volume":"32","author":"Hwang","year":"2018","journal-title":"kjo"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002341-199309000-00002","article-title":"Mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the lacrimal gland: 25 cases and a review and update of the literature","volume":"9","author":"Eviatar","year":"1993","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3340\/jkns.2015.57.6.473","article-title":"Pleomorphic adenoma with sarcomatous change in a lacrimal gland","volume":"57","author":"Sung","year":"2015","journal-title":"jkns"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2005.02.030","article-title":"Carcinosarcoma of the lacrimal gland arising from a pleomorphic adenoma","volume":"140","author":"Takahira","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.iop.0000176263.07921.22","article-title":"Primary squamous cell carcinoma arising from an epithelium-lined cyst of the lacrimal gland","volume":"21","author":"Su","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-9071.2005.01043.x","article-title":"Primary squamous cell carcinoma of the lacrimal gland","volume":"33","author":"Hotta","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/IOP.0b013e3181df6b22","article-title":"Oncocytic carcinoma of the lacrimal gland in a patient with neurofibromatosis","volume":"26","author":"Bernardini","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2012.200","article-title":"Oncocytic adenocarcinoma of the lacrimal gland: an unusual presentation","volume":"27","author":"Kalantzis","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eye"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.120.12.1745","article-title":"Lymphoepithelial carcinoma of the lacrimal gland","volume":"120","author":"Rao","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1007\/s004050000237","article-title":"Lymphepithelioma-like carcinoma of the lacrimal gland","volume":"257","author":"Bloching","year":"2000","journal-title":"Eur Arch Oto-Rhino-Laryngology"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.IOP.0000103003.87842.BB","article-title":"Primary epithelial Malignancies of the lacrimal gland: the 2003 ramon L. Font lecture","volume":"20","author":"Shields","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Plast Reconstructive Surg"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.survophthal.2004.12.008","article-title":"Sebaceous carcinoma of the ocular region: A review","volume":"50","author":"Shields","year":"2005","journal-title":"Survey Ophthalmol"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10147-003-0348-2","article-title":"Primary sebaceous carcinoma of the lacrimal gland treated by carbon ion radiotherapy","volume":"8","author":"Yamamoto","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/01676830.2012.678921","article-title":"Primary sebaceous carcinoma of the lacrimal gland","volume":"31","author":"Kiratli","year":"2012","journal-title":"Orbit"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.85.5.625","article-title":"Primary sebaceous carcinoma of the lacrimal gland","volume":"85","author":"Briscoe","year":"2001","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2005.04.029","article-title":"Primary ductal adenocarcinoma of the lacrimal gland","volume":"112","author":"Milman","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0004-27492012000100014","article-title":"Primary ductal adenocarcinoma of the lacrimal gland: case report","volume":"75","author":"Damasceno","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arq Bras Oftalmol"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.survophthal.2019.11.002","article-title":"Primary ductal adenocarcinoma of the lacrimal gland: A review and report of five cases","volume":"65","author":"See","year":"2020","journal-title":"Survey Ophthalmol"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/tjo.tjo_3_18","article-title":"Primary ductal adenocarcinoma of lacrimal gland: Two case reports and review of the literature","volume":"8","author":"Yang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Taiwan J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-13-3798-7_52","article-title":"Lacrimal gland: ductal adenocarcinoma","volume-title":"Ocular Adnexal Lesions: A Clinical, Radiological and Pathological Correlation","author":"Sundar","year":"2019"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151651","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anndiagpath.2020.151651","article-title":"Primary De novo ductal adenocarcinoma of the lacrimal gland","volume":"50","author":"Tripathy","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Diagn Pathol"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.eye.6700476","article-title":"Primary ductal adenocarcinoma of the lacrimal gland in a patient with neurofibromatosis","volume":"17","author":"Krishnakumar","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eye"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01676830.2023.2246156","article-title":"Primary ductal adenocarcinoma of the lacrimal gland with sarcomatoid differentiation: case report and genomic analysis","volume":"43","author":"Aucoin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Orbit"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1007\/s00432-023-05510-7","article-title":"The poor prognosis of lacrimal gland adenocarcinoma: a clinical study and literature review","volume":"150","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Cancer Res Clin Oncol"},{"key":"B59","article-title":"Histopathological classification of 272 primary epithelial tumors of the lacrimal gland","volume":"105","author":"Ni","year":"1992","journal-title":"Chin Med J (Engl)"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.122.6.915","article-title":"Polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma of the lacrimal gland","volume":"122","author":"Selva","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(99)00007-X","article-title":"Basal cell adenocarcinoma of the lacrimal gland","volume":"107","author":"Khalil","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(03)00490-1","article-title":"Primary cystadenocarcinoma of the lacrimal gland","volume":"110","author":"Devoto","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281351","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/281351","article-title":"Primary neuroendocrine carcinoma of ocular adnexa","volume":"2013","author":"Yamanouchi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Case Rep Ophthalmol Med"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1995.01100060107044","article-title":"Acinic cell carcinoma of the lacrimal gland","volume":"113","author":"Rosenbaum","year":"1995","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000503557","article-title":"Clinical management of acinic cell carcinoma of the lacrimal gland","volume":"12","author":"Anesi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Case Rep Oncol"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002341-200111000-00014","article-title":"Acinic cell carcinoma of the lacrimal gland with intracranial extension: a case report","volume":"17","author":"Jang","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.revsto.2013.12.008","article-title":"Myoepithelial carcinoma of the lacrimal gland","volume":"115","author":"Moret","year":"2014","journal-title":"Rev Stomatol Chir Maxillofac Chir Orale"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archophthalmol.2009.195","article-title":"Unusual carcinomas of the lacrimal gland: epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma and myoepithelial carcinoma","volume":"127","author":"Wiwatwongwana","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"B69","article-title":"Epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma of the lacrimal gland \u2013 case report and review of literature","volume":"48","author":"Carnate","year":"2023","journal-title":"Philippine J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"bcr2015210795","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2015-210795","article-title":"Epithelial\u2013myoepithelial carcinoma of lacrimal gland from an ex pleomorphic adenoma","volume":"2015","author":"Venkatesulu","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMJ Case Rep"},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anndiagpath.2011.02.004","article-title":"Epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma of the lacrimal gland: a rare case","volume":"16","author":"Singh","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann Diagn Pathol"},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/IOP.0000000000000671","article-title":"Carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma of the lacrimal gland with epithelial\u2013myoepithelial carcinoma histologic type","volume":"33","author":"Avdagic","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Plast Reconstructive Surg"},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/IOP.0000000000001663","article-title":"Epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma of the lacrimal gland: case report of youngest patient","volume":"36","author":"Anjum","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Plast Reconstructive Surg"},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"bcr0720103192","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr.07.2010.3192","article-title":"Adenosquamous carcinoma of the lacrimal gland","volume":"2010","author":"Cherian","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMJ Case Rep"},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2010.10.039","article-title":"Primary undifferentiated large cell carcinoma of the lacrimal gland","volume":"118","author":"Bernardini","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/01676830.2011.600508","article-title":"Large cell carcinoma of the lacrimal gland diagnosed by fine needle aspiration biopsy","volume":"30","author":"Lelli","year":"2011","journal-title":"Orbit"},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/01676830.2013.851257","article-title":"Low-grade intraductal carcinoma of the lacrimal gland","volume":"33","author":"Bursztyn","year":"2014","journal-title":"Orbit"},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/IOP.0000000000002884","article-title":"Metastastic tumors to the lacrimal gland from distant primary cancer","volume":"41","author":"Mombaerts","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.survophthal.2016.04.004","article-title":"Lymphoid hyperplasia of the orbit and ocular adnexa: A clinical \u200bpathologic review","volume":"61","author":"Andrew","year":"2016","journal-title":"Survey Ophthalmol"},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1020","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.81.11.e1016","article-title":"Lacrimal gland epithelioid haemangioma","volume":"81","author":"Coombes","year":"1997","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01676830701804099","article-title":"Angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia of the lacrimal gland: A case report","volume":"27","author":"S\u00e1nchez-Acosta","year":"2008","journal-title":"Orbit"},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0420.1998.760327.x","article-title":"Kimura\u2019s disease of the lacrimal gland","volume":"76","author":"Kodama","year":"1998","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmologica Scandinavica"},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3348\/kjr.2022.0233","article-title":"Clinical and radiological features of diffuse lacrimal gland enlargement: comparisons among various etiologies in 91 biopsy-confirmed patients","volume":"23","author":"Chung","year":"2022","journal-title":"Korean J Radiol"},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/IOP.0000000000001139","article-title":"Imaging investigation of thyroid eye disease","volume":"34","author":"Siakallis","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Plast Reconstructive Surg"},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01676830.2017.1352608","article-title":"The role of biopsy in lacrimal gland inflammation: A clinicopathologic study","volume":"36","author":"Luemsamran","year":"2017","journal-title":"Orbit"},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-3768.2009.01655.x","article-title":"Granular cell tumour of the lacrimal gland","volume":"87","author":"von Holstein","year":"2009","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol"},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/IOP.0b013e318030f5dd","article-title":"Fibrous histiocytoma of the lacrimal gland","volume":"23","author":"Bajaj","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4132\/KoreanJPathol.2013.47.2.158","article-title":"A solitary fibrous tumor with giant cells in the lacrimal gland: a case study","volume":"47","author":"Son","year":"2013","journal-title":"Korean J Pathol"},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1186\/s13000-019-0845-x","article-title":"Cystic appearance - a new feature of solid fibrous tumours in the lacrimal gland: a case report with literature review","volume":"14","author":"Gheorghisan-Galateanu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Diagn Pathol"},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1159\/000448164","article-title":"Solitary fibrous tumor in the lacrimal gland fossa: A case report","volume":"7","author":"Mupas-Uy","year":"2016","journal-title":"Case Rep Ophthalmol"},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1076\/orbi.17.3.179.2745","article-title":"Lacrimal gland hemangiopericytoma","volume":"17","author":"Burnstine","year":"1998","journal-title":"Orbit"},{"key":"B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(96)30455-7","article-title":"Solitary fibrous tumor of the lacrimal gland fossa","volume":"103","author":"Scott","year":"1996","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"B93","first-page":"39","article-title":"A rare presentation of plexiform neurofibroma","volume":"8","author":"Poh KW","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Surg Academia"},{"key":"B94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1159\/000456067","article-title":"Plexiform neurofibroma involving the lacrimal gland","volume":"8","author":"Hofsli","year":"2017","journal-title":"Case Rep Ophthalmol"},{"key":"B95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01676830.2022.2052112","article-title":"Primary lacrimal gland plexiform neurofibroma: a case report and review of the literature","volume":"42","author":"Dawar","year":"2023","journal-title":"Orbit"},{"key":"B96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.eye.6700589","article-title":"Calcification in Schwannoma of the lacrimal gland region","volume":"18","author":"Singh","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eye"},{"key":"B97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/01676830903177443","article-title":"Schwannomas of the lacrimal gland fossa","volume":"28","author":"de Silva","year":"2009","journal-title":"Orbit"},{"key":"B98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3928\/01913913-20101104-05","article-title":"Schwannoma: an unusual lacrimal gland tumor in a child","volume":"47","author":"Bajaj","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus"},{"key":"B99","article-title":"Synovial sarcoma involving lacrimal gland: A rare clinical entity","volume":"1","author":"Kadir","year":"2016","journal-title":"IP Int J Ocul Oncol Oculoplasty"},{"key":"B100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7869\/djo.102","article-title":"Recurrence of primary synovial sarcoma of the lacrimal gland","volume":"25","author":"Yadav","year":"2015","journal-title":"Delhi J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"B101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/01676830.2014.959610","article-title":"Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor of lacrimal nerve: A case report","volume":"34","author":"Rajabi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Orbit"},{"key":"B102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/S0039-6257(02)00415-0","article-title":"Rhabdomyosarcoma: review for the ophthalmologist**","volume":"48","author":"Shields","year":"2003","journal-title":"Survey Ophthalmol"},{"key":"B103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1186\/s12348-023-00365-y","article-title":"Idiopathic sclerosing dacryoadenitis","volume":"13","author":"Butterfield","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Ophthalmic Inflammation Infection"},{"key":"B104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.survophthal.2021.05.011","article-title":"Non-infectious dacryoadenitis","volume":"67","author":"Singh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Survey Ophthalmol"},{"key":"B105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1111\/ceo.12371","article-title":"Review of 268 lacrimal gland biopsies in an Australian cohort","volume":"43","author":"Andrew","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"B106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0000000000000497","article-title":"IgG4-related orbital disease and its mimics in a western population","volume":"39","author":"Ferry","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"B107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2015.06.026","article-title":"Clinical and imaging features of lacrimal gland involvement in granulomatosis with polyangiitis","volume":"122","author":"Tan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"B108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2007.124156","article-title":"Idiopathic orbital inflammatory syndrome: clinical features and treatment outcomes","volume":"91","author":"Swamy","year":"2007","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"B109","article-title":"Nonspecific orbital inflammation (Idiopathic orbital inflammation, orbital inflammatory syndrome, orbital pseudotumor)","author":"Phelps","year":"2025","journal-title":"Am Acad Ophthalmol"},{"key":"B110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.121.4.491","article-title":"Idiopathic orbital inflammation: distribution, clinical features, and treatment outcome","volume":"121","author":"Yuen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"B111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/IOP.0b013e31829165ad","article-title":"Radiographic patterns of orbital involvement in igG4-related disease","volume":"29","author":"Ginat","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Plast Reconstructive Surg"},{"key":"B112","article-title":"IgG4-related orbital inflammation","author":"Chelnis","year":"2025","journal-title":"Am Acad Ophthalmol"},{"key":"B113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s10384-014-0352-2","article-title":"Diagnostic criteria for IgG4-related ophthalmic disease","volume":"59","author":"Goto","year":"2015","journal-title":"Japanese J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"B114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/WNO.0000000000000193","article-title":"IgG4-related disease: A neuro-ophthalmological perspective","volume":"34","author":"Kashii","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Neuro-Ophthalmology"},{"key":"B115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21037\/qims-24-239","article-title":"Imaging analysis of ocular involvement in granulomatosis with polyangiitis","volume":"14","author":"Tang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Quant Imaging Med Surg"},{"key":"B116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/01676830.2013.814689","article-title":"Orbital rosai-dorfman disease: A literature review","volume":"32","author":"McClellan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Orbit"},{"key":"B117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.10.4778","article-title":"Rosai-dorfman disease in neuroradiology: imaging findings in a series of 10 patients","volume":"196","author":"Raslan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Roentgenology"},{"key":"B118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000489127","article-title":"Atypical case of rosai-dorfman disease of the lacrimal gland with adjacent bone erosion","volume":"5","author":"Dahrouj","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ocular Oncol Pathol"},{"key":"B119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3980\/j.issn.2222-3959.2012.04.28","article-title":"Rosai-Dorfman disease of unilateral lacrimal gland in an elderly Chinese male","volume":"5","author":"Li","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"B120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.20658","article-title":"Lacrimal gland enlargement in sickle cell disease","volume":"81","author":"Adewoye","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Hematol"},{"key":"B121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ICU.0000000000000423","article-title":"Sickle cell disease and the eye","volume":"28","author":"Do","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr Opin Ophthalmol"},{"key":"B122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/RCT.0000000000000104","article-title":"Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging analysis of the lacrimal gland in sickle cell disease","volume":"38","author":"Buch","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Comput Assisted Tomography"},{"key":"B123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000535130","article-title":"Lacrimal gland abscess: A case report","volume":"14","author":"Ito","year":"2023","journal-title":"Case Rep Ophthalmol"},{"key":"B124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01676830.2017.1337197","article-title":"Lacrimal gland abscess in children: Two case reports and literature review","volume":"36","author":"Lai","year":"2017","journal-title":"Orbit"},{"key":"B125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/IOP.0000000000001539","article-title":"Lacrimal gland ductal cyst complicated by abscess formation","volume":"36","author":"Sadek","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Plast Reconstructive Surg"},{"key":"B126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2017.08.013","article-title":"Lacrimal gland abscess in a child as a rare manifestation of IgG4-related disease","volume":"22","author":"Raab","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Am Assoc Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus (JAAPOS)"},{"key":"B127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1606.1999.00131.x","article-title":"Lacrimal gland abscess: Two case reports","volume":"27","author":"McNab","year":"1999","journal-title":"Aust New Z J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"B128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01676830.2017.1337205","article-title":"Lacrimal gland abscesses: Case series and literature review","volume":"36","author":"Savoie","year":"2017","journal-title":"Orbit"},{"key":"B129","first-page":"12","article-title":"Isolated lacrimal gland tuberculosis: a rare clinical entity in a young child","volume":"15","author":"Bist","year":"2016","journal-title":"Online J Health Allied Sci"},{"key":"B130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2019-231694","article-title":"Tuberculosis presenting as dacryoadenitis in the USA","volume":"12","author":"Powers","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ Case Rep"},{"key":"B131","article-title":"Tuberculous dacryoadenitis: a rare manifestation of tuberculosis","volume":"60","author":"Van Assen","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neth J Med"},{"key":"B132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.IJO_919_21","article-title":"A case of tuberculous dacryoadenitis with review of literature","volume":"2","author":"Lahane","year":"2022","journal-title":"Indian J Ophthalmol - Case Rep"},{"key":"B133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01676830802225152","article-title":"Orbital tuberculosis: A review of the literature","volume":"27","author":"Madge","year":"2008","journal-title":"Orbit"},{"key":"B134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4274\/tjo.89310","article-title":"Bilaterally diffuse lacrimal gland involvement: initial presentation of systemic sarcoidosis","volume":"47","author":"Bing\u00f6l K\u0131z\u0131ltun\u00e7","year":"2017","journal-title":"Turk J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"B135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4414\/smw.2003.10125","article-title":"Lacrimal gland involvement in sarcoidosis","volume":"133","author":"Yanardag","year":"2003","journal-title":"Swiss Med weekly"},{"key":"B136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1007\/s10792-024-02991-4","article-title":"Radiological measurements of lacrimal gland in thyroid eye disease","volume":"44","author":"Caltabiano","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int Ophthalmol"},{"key":"B137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886-023-03008-x","article-title":"Magnetic resonance imaging parameters on lacrimal gland in thyroid eye disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"23","author":"Wong","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Ophthalmol"},{"key":"B138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1007\/s10792-024-03352-x","article-title":"Lacrimal gland enlargement in thyroid eye disease","volume":"44","author":"Rana","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int Ophthalmol"},{"key":"B139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5114\/pjr.2019.84096","article-title":"Assessment of lacrimal glands in thyroid eye disease with diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"84","author":"Razek","year":"2019","journal-title":"Polish J Radiol"},{"key":"B140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2016.3389","article-title":"Diagnosis and stage of Graves\u2019 ophthalmopathy: Efficacy of quantitative measurements of the lacrimal gland based on 3-T magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"12","author":"Hu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Exp Ther Med"},{"key":"B141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1007\/s40134-022-00392-y","article-title":"Orbital muscle enlargement: what if it\u2019s not graves\u2019 Disease","volume":"10","author":"Lakerveld","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr Radiol Rep"},{"key":"B142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/mrcr\/rxae066","article-title":"Granulomatosis with polyangiitis with lacrimal gland enlargement and pancreatic swelling: A case report and a literature review","volume":"9","author":"Kawajiri","year":"2024","journal-title":"Modern Rheumatol Case Rep"},{"key":"B143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oftale.2017.05.003","article-title":"Granulomatosis with polyangiitis confined to lacrimal gland, a case report","volume":"92","author":"Zuazo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Archivos la Sociedad Espa\u00f1ola Oftalmolog\u00eda (English Edition)"},{"key":"B144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01676830701523863","article-title":"Unilateral dacryoadenitis as the sole presenting sign of wegener\u2019s granulomatosis","volume":"27","author":"Kiratli","year":"2008","journal-title":"Orbit"},{"key":"B145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.JAA.0000508207.55922.a6","article-title":"Eye problems in a woman with Churg-Strauss syndrome","volume":"30","author":"Pierce","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAAPA"},{"key":"B146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2009.109","article-title":"Dacryoadenitis as a presenting feature of the Churg Strauss syndrome","volume":"24","author":"Khandwala","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eye"},{"key":"B147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/01676830.2011.569628","article-title":"Dacryoadenitis and diffuse orbital inflammation: unusual first presentations of churg-strauss syndrome","volume":"30","author":"Jordan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Orbit"},{"key":"B148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/IOP.0b013e3181b8c84e","article-title":"Diffuse bilateral orbital inflammation in churg- strauss syndrome","volume":"26","author":"Pradeep","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Plast Reconstructive Surg"},{"key":"B149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10792-009-9296-9","article-title":"Case of lacrimal gland inflammation associated with ulcerative colitis","volume":"30","author":"Mochizuki","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int Ophthalmol"},{"key":"B150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0008-4182(01)80043-0","article-title":"Lacrimal gland inflammation as the presenting sign of Crohn\u2019s disease","volume":"36","author":"Hwang","year":"2001","journal-title":"Can J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"B151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"bcr0220091619","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr.02.2009.1619","article-title":"Acute dacryoadenitis in Crohn\u2019s disease","volume":"2010","author":"Wagh","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMJ Case Rep"},{"key":"B152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002341-199212000-00011","article-title":"Acute dacryoadenitis and crohn\u2019s disease: findings and management","volume":"8","author":"Dutt","year":"1992","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Plast Reconstructive Surg"},{"key":"B153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"838","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2014.07.011","article-title":"Granulomatous dacryoadenitis in regional enteritis (Crohn disease)","volume":"158","author":"Jakobiec","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"B154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"bcr2012006799","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2012-006799","article-title":"Sequential right then left acute dacryoadenitis in Crohn\u2019s disease","volume":"2012","author":"Boukouvala","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMJ Case Rep"},{"key":"B155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1179552218757512","DOI":"10.1177\/1179552218757512","article-title":"Orbital inflammatory complications of crohn\u2019s disease: A rare case series","volume":"11","author":"Monaghan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Med Insights: Gastroenterol"},{"key":"B156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01676830.2019.1608564","article-title":"Dacryops - A review","volume":"39","author":"Tanaboonyawat","year":"2020","journal-title":"Orbit"},{"key":"B157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18240\/ijo.2018.08.08","article-title":"Lacrimal gland tumors in Turkey: types, frequency, and outcomes","volume":"11","author":"Ye\u015filta\u015f","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"B158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01676830.2017.1423081","article-title":"Clinical features and management of dacryops","volume":"37","author":"Ozgonul","year":"2018","journal-title":"Orbit"},{"key":"B159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/09273948.2013.850100","article-title":"Lacrimal gland amyloidosis: A clinicopathological correlation of a rare disorder and review of literature","volume":"22","author":"Batra","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ocular Immunol Inflammation"},{"key":"B160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0301-4738.57160","article-title":"Amyloidosis of lacrimal gland","volume":"57","author":"Prabhakaran","year":"2009","journal-title":"Indian J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"B161","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.6258","article-title":"Primary isolated lacrimal gland amyloidosis: A case report and review of the literature","volume":"11","author":"Evans","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"B162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14730\/aaps.2022.00752","article-title":"Preseptal upper eyelid lipoma: a case report","volume":"29","author":"Lee","year":"2023","journal-title":"Arch Aesthetic Plast Surg"},{"key":"B163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oftale.2020.05.023","article-title":"Congenital unilateral absence of the lacrimal gland combined with lipoma. A rare case of unilateral congenital alacrima","volume":"96","author":"S\u00e1nchez Sevila","year":"2021","journal-title":"Archivos la Sociedad Espa\u00f1ola Oftalmolog\u00eda (English Edition)"},{"key":"B164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2358","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23042358","article-title":"ISSVA classification of vascular anomalies and molecular biology","volume":"23","author":"Kunimoto","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B165","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-200111000-00082","article-title":"Hemangioma of the lacrimal gland","volume":"108","author":"Kargi","year":"2001","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"B166","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/01676830.2013.764443","article-title":"Epitheloid hemangioendothelioma of the palpebral lobe of the lacrimal gland","volume":"32","author":"Kiratli","year":"2013","journal-title":"Orbit"},{"key":"B167","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.4103\/pajo.pajo_55_23","article-title":"Lacrimal gland cavernous hemangioma masquerading pleomorphic adenoma","volume":"5","author":"Abusleme","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pan-American J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"B168","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfo.2020.09.035","article-title":"Cavernous venous malformation of the lacrimal gland","volume":"44","author":"Mace","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Fran\u00e7ais d\u2019Ophtalmologie"},{"key":"B169","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/01676830.2010.516471","article-title":"Intra-lacrimal gland cavernous hemangioma","volume":"29","author":"Char","year":"2010","journal-title":"Orbit"},{"key":"B170","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002341-198601040-00004","article-title":"Cavernous hemangioma of the lacrimal fossa","volume":"2","author":"Seiff","year":"1986","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Plast Reconstructive Surg"},{"key":"B171","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3341\/jkos.2019.60.4.369","article-title":"A case of adult orbital lymphatic malformation in the lacrimal gland","volume":"60","author":"Song","year":"2019","journal-title":"jkos"},{"key":"B172","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/IOP.0000000000001399","article-title":"Isolated langerhans cell histiocytosis of the lacrimal gland in conjunction with mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma and elevated igG4 plasma cells","volume":"35","author":"Peck","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Plast Reconstructive Surg"},{"key":"B173","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-007-0611-4","article-title":"Lacrimal gland and perioptic nerve lesions due to Langerhans cell histiocytosis (2007: 9b)","volume":"17","author":"Herman","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"B174","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22608\/apo.2017246","article-title":"Adult orbital and adnexal xanthogranulomatous disease","volume":"6","author":"Davies","year":"2017","journal-title":"Asia-Pacific J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"B175","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.84.3.251","article-title":"Radiological and clinicopathological features of orbital xanthogranuloma","volume":"84","author":"Miszkiel","year":"2000","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"B176","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5858\/133.12.1994","article-title":"Adult orbital xanthogranulomatous disease: review of the literature","volume":"133","author":"Guo","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arch Pathol Lab Med"},{"key":"B177","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1097\/IOP.0000000000002619","article-title":"Erdheim\u2013chester disease with eyelid and orbital involvement: A review of treatment modalities at one institution from 2014 to 2022","volume":"40","author":"Sharma","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Plast Reconstructive Surg"},{"key":"B178","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1016\/j.survophthal.2021.05.013","article-title":"Erdheim-Chester disease: a comprehensive review from the ophthalmologic perspective","volume":"67","author":"Kanakis","year":"2022","journal-title":"Survey Ophthalmol"},{"key":"B179","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1186\/1750-1172-8-137","article-title":"Erdheim-Chester Disease: a comprehensive review of the literature","volume":"8","author":"Mazor","year":"2013","journal-title":"Orphanet J Rare Dis"},{"key":"B180","article-title":"Lacrimal gland Malignancies","volume-title":"StatPearls","author":"Mueller","year":"2025"},{"key":"B181","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"766","DOI":"10.1080\/01676830.2023.2287635","article-title":"Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma radiographically mimicking infiltration into the lacrimal gland","volume":"43","author":"Rana","year":"","journal-title":"Orbit"},{"key":"B182","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ICL.0000000000000264","article-title":"Local and regional spread of primary conjunctival squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"44","author":"Desai","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eye Contact Lens"},{"key":"B183","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1974.01010010314009","article-title":"Meibomian gland carcinoma presenting as a lacrimal gland tumor","volume":"92","author":"Shields","year":"1974","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"B184","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/01676830903177435","article-title":"Subconjunctival prolapse of the palpebral lobe of the lacrimal gland occurring in association with occult orbital fat herniation","volume":"28","author":"Morley","year":"2009","journal-title":"Orbit"},{"key":"B185","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02844310903259124","article-title":"Prolapsed orbital fat: 15 consecutive cases","volume":"43","author":"Pires Viana","year":"2009","journal-title":"Scandinavian J Plast Reconstructive Surg Handb Surg"},{"key":"B186","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A2313","article-title":"Subconjunctival fat prolapse and dermolipoma of the orbit: differentiation on CT and MR imaging","volume":"32","author":"Kim","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Neuroradiology"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fopht.2025.1724513\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]],"date-time":"2026-01-07T06:59:47Z","timestamp":1767769187000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fopht.2025.1724513\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]]},"references-count":186,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fopht.2025.1724513"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fopht.2025.1724513","relation":{},"ISSN":["2674-0826"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2674-0826","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]]},"article-number":"1724513"}}