{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T06:07:56Z","timestamp":1792822076017,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]],"date-time":"2026-02-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769990400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Ophthalmol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Integrating optical coherence tomography (OCT) into the pre-surgical stage of cataract management holds significant clinical and economic potential, particularly in low-to-middle-income countries like Kazakhstan.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to evaluate these impacts by prospectively recruiting 225 patients, aged 71 \u00b1 6 years, from two ophthalmology surgical centers in Almaty, Kazakhstan.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients undergoing phacoemulsification of cataracts with monofocal intraocular lens (IOL) implantation between January 2022 and December 2023 were divided into two groups: the OCT group (n=75) received pre-operative OCT, while the Control group (n=150) did not. Visual acuity (VA) was measured pre- and post-surgery, and the cost-effectiveness of the surgical strategies was analyzed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The OCT group experienced a significantly greater improvement in VA (-0.647 \u00b1 0.232 logMAR) compared to the Control group (-0.543 \u00b1 0.244 logMAR), with a notable interaction between time and group (F(df) = 396.5, p&amp;lt; 0.001). Additionally, pre-existing concomitant diseases were diagnosed in 24.8% of cases in the OCT group and 31% in the Control group.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The economic analysis revealed that the integration of OCT facilitated combined surgical procedures during a single operative session, thereby reducing overall costs. These findings suggest that implementing OCT in the pre-surgical stage of cataract management can significantly enhance visual outcomes and decrease the cost of ophthalmology services in Kazakhstan.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fopht.2026.1685589","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]],"date-time":"2026-02-02T05:15:49Z","timestamp":1770009349000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Clinical and economic impacts of optical coherence tomography prior to cataract surgery in a low-to-middle-income country"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Mansur","family":"Inkarbekov","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ophthalmology Department, Kazakh-Russian Medical University","place":["Almaty, Kazakhstan"]},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Evidence-Based Medicine, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University","place":["Almaty, Kazakhstan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mukhit","family":"Kulmaganbetov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Glaucoma, Kazakh Eye Research Institute","place":["Almaty, Kazakhstan"]},{"name":"Quantum Optics Lab, Centre for Eye and Vision Research (CEVR)","place":["Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Galiya","family":"Bazarbekova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology with Radiology Course, Kazakh-Russian Medical University","place":["Almaty, Kazakhstan"]},{"name":"Department of Health Policy and Management, Kazakh National Medical University named after S. D. Asfendiyarov","place":["Almaty, Kazakhstan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Almagul","family":"Baiyrkhanova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Evidence-Based Medicine, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University","place":["Almaty, Kazakhstan"]},{"name":"Department of Medicine, International Kazakh-Turkish University named after K.A. Yassawi","place":["Turkestan, Kazakhstan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin","family":"Thompson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Quantum Optics Lab, Centre for Eye and Vision Research (CEVR)","place":["Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China"]},{"name":"School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Waterloo","place":["Waterloo, ON, Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(13)70113-X","article-title":"Causes of vision loss worldwide, 1990-2010: a systematic analysis","volume":"1","author":"Bourne","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(20)30488-5","article-title":"The Lancet Global Health Commission on Global Eye Health: vision beyond 2020","volume":"9","author":"Burton","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.pu.17.050196.001111","article-title":"Blindness due to cataract: epidemiology and prevention","volume":"17","author":"Javitt","year":"1996","journal-title":"Annu Rev Public Health"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)17911-2","article-title":"Age-related cataract","volume":"365","author":"Asbell","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.eye.6701964","article-title":"External factors in the development of cataract","volume":"19","author":"Robman","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17249231","article-title":"Association between exposure to ambient air pollution and age-related cataract: A nationwide population-based retrospective cohort study","volume":"17","author":"Shin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.3238\/arztebl.2009.0695","article-title":"Cataract surgery with implantation of an artificial lens","volume":"106","author":"Kohnen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Dtsch Arztebl Int"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3238\/arztebl.m2023.0028","article-title":"Cataract surgery-indications, techniques, and intraocular lens selection","volume":"120","author":"Lapp","year":"2023","journal-title":"Dtsch Arztebl Int"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.eye.6701966","article-title":"High-volume surgery in developing countries","volume":"19","author":"Yorston","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcjo.2016.02.004","article-title":"Changes in quality of life shortly after routine cataract surgery","volume":"51","author":"Heemraz","year":"2016","journal-title":"Can J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2021-320997","article-title":"Real-world visual outcomes of cataract surgery based on population-based studies: a systematic review","volume":"107","author":"Han","year":"2023","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-9071.1996.tb01602.x","article-title":"Cost effectiveness of cataract surgery. 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