{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,18]],"date-time":"2025-09-18T10:15:08Z","timestamp":1758190508261,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,17]],"date-time":"2025-09-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758067200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pain Res."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Interstitial cystitis\/bladder pain syndrome (IC\/BPS) is a debilitating urologic chronic pelvic pain condition characterized by pelvic pain and urinary symptoms. Evidence suggests that in chronic pain conditions such as IC\/BPS, inflammatory markers are associated with heightened symptom severity and widespread pain. Non-pharmacological treatments such as cognitive-behavioral therapy are recommended as a core component of IC\/BPS treatment. There is limited and mixed evidence as to whether inflammatory markers are affected by non-pharmacological treatments or their relationship to treatment response. This exploratory study considered how inflammatory characteristics may both predict and explain treatment response in a sample of females with interstitial cystitis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>Participants were randomized to receive either 8-weeks of telemedicine-delivered cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) or an active attention control. Six cytokine\/chemokines in whole blood plasma (IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-1\u03b2, and TNF-\u03b1) were assessed in a subset of trial participants at baseline, post-treatment, and at five months. We assessed relationships between baseline plasma inflammatory cytokine levels and self-reported symptoms, changes in cytokines over time, and how baseline cytokine levels may relate to clinically meaningful indicators of change following CBT.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cytokine\/chemokine levels did not significantly change over time. Higher levels of unstimulated IL-1\u03b2 were associated with significantly worse clinical pain characteristics and greater degree of CBT treatment response.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This suggests that individuals with greater degrees of inflammation may derive more benefit from the self-regulation training, pain coping strategies, and cognitive reframing offered in CBT for pain.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpain.2025.1593807","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,17]],"date-time":"2025-09-17T05:43:51Z","timestamp":1758087831000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Unstimulated inflammatory activity is associated with treatment response to cognitive-behavioral therapy for urologic chronic pelvic pain"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"L. 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