{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T05:54:06Z","timestamp":1776664446615,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776643200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pain Res."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of Traditional Chinese Exercise in reducing pain intensity, improving dysfunction and quality of life, and increasing the overall treatment effectiveness rate in patients with nonspecific low back pain (NLBP), so as to provide evidence for its clinical application.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Following the PRISMA guidelines, this study systematically searched eight databases\u2014CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, Sinomed, PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and Web of Science\u2014for randomized controlled trials published up to January 19, 2026. A total of 38 studies involving, 3,054 patients were included. The Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool was used to evaluate the quality of the included studies. Based on heterogeneity, either a fixed-effects or random-effects model was selected to synthesize the standardized mean difference (SMD) or weighted mean difference (WMD), Subgroup analysis and meta-regression were performed to explore the sources of heterogeneity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The meta-analysis demonstrated that traditional Chinese exercise significantly reduced pain intensity [WMD\u2009=\u2009\u22121.21; 95% CI (\u22121.66, \u22120.76)], improved dysfunction [WMD\u2009=\u2009\u22126.80; 95% CI (\u221210.18, \u22123.41)], and enhanced quality of life [SMD\u2009=\u20091.64; 95% CI (0.33, 2.96)] in patients with nonspecific low back pain (NLBP). The overall treatment response rate was increased by 17% [RR\u2009=\u20091.17; 95% CI (1.10, 1.24)]. Subgroup analysis indicated that Liu Zi Jue (a specific Qigong breathing exercise) demonstrated the greatest analgesic effect (SMD\u2009=\u2009\u22121.71) and the most significant improvement in functional disability (WMD\u2009=\u2009\u221213.35). Additionally, patients younger than 45 years of age showed a more favorable response to treatment (SMD\u2009=\u2009\u22121.52). Substantial heterogeneity was observed across studies, attributed primarily to the diversity of intervention protocols, including variations in exercise types, treatment durations, and differences in the measurement instruments used.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Traditional Chinese exercise is an effective, low-cost, and safe intervention for NLBP patients and may be recommended as a complementary approach in clinical management. Future research should include large-sample, standardized studies incorporating biomechanical and imaging techniques to elucidate underlying mechanisms, and develop evidence-based practice guidelines.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Systematic Review Registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      identifier: CRD42025649466 (\n                      <jats:ext-link>https:\/\/www.crd.york.ac.uk\/PROSPERO\/<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      ).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpain.2026.1729225","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T05:24:43Z","timestamp":1776662683000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Moving for relief: a meta-analysis on traditional Chinese exercise and nonspecific low back pain"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Zixiang","family":"Jin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Peking University First Hospital","place":["Beijing City, China"]},{"name":"Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Peking University","place":["Beijing City, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qianqian","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xinjiang Medical University","place":["Urumqi City, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Meng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Basic Theory of Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences","place":["Beijing City, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xianglong","family":"Zhai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangsu Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine","place":["Nanjing City, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiaxin","family":"Xi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangsu Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine","place":["Nanjing City, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yingfei","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangsu Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine","place":["Nanjing City, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiajia","family":"Sang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangsu Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine","place":["Nanjing City, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Peking University First Hospital","place":["Beijing City, China"]},{"name":"Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Peking University","place":["Beijing City, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xuezhi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Peking University First Hospital","place":["Beijing City, China"]},{"name":"Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Peking University","place":["Beijing City, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","unstructured":"2023"},{"key":"B2","volume-title":"Adult Acute and Subacute low Back Pain\u202f: Health Care Guideline","author":"Goertz","year":"2012"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.1097\/AJP.0000000000000745","article-title":"Nonspecific low back pain: inflammatory profiles of patients with acute and chronic pain","volume":"35","author":"Teodorczyk-Injeyan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin J Pain"},{"key":"B4","first-page":"RP92889","author":"Pan","year":"2024"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1645","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/ker175","article-title":"Epidemiology of back pain in older adults: prevalence and risk factors for back pain onset","volume":"50","author":"Docking","year":"2011","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"key":"B6","first-page":"421","article-title":"Mechanical low back pain","volume":"98","author":"Will","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E35","DOI":"10.36076\/ppj.2009\/12\/35","article-title":"American Society of interventional pain physicians. 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