{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T06:01:52Z","timestamp":1785391312199,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785369600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pain Res."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate the association between the presence of neuropsychological symptoms, professional caregiver burden and pain intensity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Eleven neuropsychiatric symptoms reportedly associated with caregiver burden which are included within the PainChek\u00ae pain assessment tool were identified: aggressiveness, inappropriate behavior, distressed, verbally offensive, confusion, restlessness, pacing and wandering, crying, screaming, altered sleep and resisting care. A caregiver burden score based on binary scoring of the presence of these indicators was calculated (summative score range from 0 to 11). Generalized estimating equations were used to evaluate the relationships between (1) pain score and sum of caregiver indicators present and (2) pain (high\/low) and caregiver burden indicator presence.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The results of 2,125,022 PainChek\u00ae assessments completed on 89,230 residents (Average age 84.8\u2009\u00b1\u20097.7 years, females 62.2%) were evaluated. The binary pain model reported a significant increased risk of high (i.e., moderate or severe) pain (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.001) for all caregiver burden indicators except pacing and wandering (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.494). Being distressed was associated with the highest risk (OR\u2009=\u200912.0) of high pain, followed by altered sleep (OR\u2009=\u20096.0). Age (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.004) and sex (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.001) were both significant confounders, with high pain less likely with increasing age and if a patient was female.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Pain associated neuropsychiatric symptoms can contribute to professional caregiver burden and are exacerbated by high pain, emphasizing the need to minimize pain in people living with dementia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpain.2026.1868192","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T05:39:20Z","timestamp":1785389960000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Pain in people with dementia is a significant contributor to increased professional caregiver burden: results of an observation study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Kreshnik","family":"Hoti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Prishtina","place":["Prishtina, Kosovo"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ipsit","family":"Vahia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"McLean Hospital","place":["Belmont, MA, United States"]},{"name":"Harvard Medical School","place":["Boston, MA, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paola","family":"Chivers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Health Research, The University of Notre Dame Australia","place":["Fremantle, WA, Australia"]},{"name":"School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University","place":["Perth, WA, Australia"]},{"name":"Research Department, Child and Adolescent Health Service","place":["Perth, WA, Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffery","family":"Hughes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Studies, Curtin University","place":["Perth, WA, Australia"]},{"name":"PainChek Ltd","place":["Sydney, NSW, Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-021-02007-1","article-title":"Predictors of caregiver burden in aged caregivers of demented older patients","volume":"21","author":"Tsai","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr"},{"key":"B2","volume-title":"Can Aging Baby Boomer Avoid the Nursing Home: Long-term Care Insurance for \u201caging in Place\u201d","author":"Stucki","year":"2000"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnss.2020.07.012","article-title":"Caregiver burden: a concept analysis","volume":"7","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Nurs Sci"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-017-0818-2","article-title":"Dementia caregiver burden: a research update and critical analysis","volume":"19","author":"Cheng","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr Psychiatry Rep"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1023\/B:JOCS.0000016266.06253.95","article-title":"Patient and partner quality of life and psychosocial adjustment following radical prostatectomy","volume":"11","author":"Thornton","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Clin Psychol Med Settings"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1002\/nur.10004","article-title":"Family survivorship and quality of life following a cancer diagnosis","volume":"24","author":"Mellon","year":"2001","journal-title":"Res Nurs Health"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.1046","article-title":"Care arrangements for people with dementia in developing countries","volume":"19","author":"Prince","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e14622","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.14622","article-title":"Burden and care time for dementia caregivers in the LIVE@ home","volume":"21","author":"Berge","year":"2025","journal-title":"Path Trial. 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