{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T00:09:50Z","timestamp":1791850190861,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,15]],"date-time":"2023-06-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1686787200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000038","name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000038","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Parasitol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Molecular mimicry is a strategy used by parasites to evade the host\u2019s immune system and facilitate transmission to a new host. To date, high-throughput examples of molecular mimicry have been limited to comparing protein sequences. However, recent advances in the prediction of tertiary structural models, led by Deepmind\u2019s AlphaFold, enable the comparison of thousands of proteins from parasites and their hosts at the structural level, allowing for the identification of more mimics. Here, we present the first proteome-level search for tertiary structure similarity between proteins from <jats:italic>Plasmodium falciparum<\/jats:italic>, a malaria-causing parasite, and humans.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We assembled a database of experimentally-characterized protein tertiary structures (from the Protein Data Bank) and AlphaFold-generated protein tertiary structures from <jats:italic>P. falciparum<\/jats:italic>, human, and 15 negative control species, <jats:italic>i.e<\/jats:italic>., species not infected by <jats:italic>P. falciparum<\/jats:italic>. We aligned human and control structures to the parasite structures using Foldseek. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We identified molecular mimicry in three proteins that have been previously proposed as mediators of <jats:italic>Plasmodium<\/jats:italic>-human interactions. By extending this approach to all <jats:italic>P. falciparum<\/jats:italic> proteins, we identified an additional 41 potential mimics that are supported by additional experimental data. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our findings demonstrate a valuable application of AlphaFold-derived tertiary structural models, and we discuss key considerations for its effective use in other host-parasite systems. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpara.2023.1162697","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,15]],"date-time":"2023-06-15T05:32:10Z","timestamp":1686807130000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Proteome-wide comparison of tertiary protein structures reveals molecular mimicry in Plasmodium-human interactions"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"Viraj","family":"Muthye","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James D.","family":"Wasmuth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.12688\/wellcomeopenres.11910.2","article-title":"Proteomic analysis of extracellular vesicles from a plasmodium falciparum Kenyan clinical isolate defines a core parasite secretome","volume":"2","author":"Abdi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Wellcome Open Res."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2017.00889","article-title":"Host\u2013parasite interactions in human malaria: clinical implications of basic research","volume":"8","author":"Acharya","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. 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