{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T12:44:07Z","timestamp":1790685847446,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,21]],"date-time":"2023-11-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1700524800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Parasitol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Trypanosoma cruzi<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection is diagnosed by parasitological, molecular, and serological tests. Molecular methods based on DNA amplification provide a more sensitive alternative to classical parasitological techniques for detecting evidence of\n                    <jats:italic>T. cruzi<\/jats:italic>\n                    parasitemia, and are the preferred tests for congenital and oral transmission cases and parasite reactivation in chronically infected immunosuppressed individuals. In newborns at risk of vertical transmission, simplified diagnostic algorithms that provide timely results can reduce the high follow-up losses observed with current algorithms. Molecular methods have also proved useful for monitoring\n                    <jats:italic>T. cruzi<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection in solid organ transplantation recipients, regardless of host immune status, allowing parasite detection even before symptom manifestation. Furthermore, in the absence of other biomarkers and a practical test of cure, and given the limitations of serological methods, recent clinical guidelines have included polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect therapeutic failure after antiparasitic treatment in chronically infected adults. Increasing evidence supports the use of molecular tests in a clinical context, given the improved sensitivity and specificity of current assays \u2013 characteristics which largely depend on epidemiological factors and genetic and antigenic variability among\n                    <jats:italic>T. cruzi<\/jats:italic>\n                    strains. Further development and registration of commercial PCR kits will improve the use of molecular tests. We discuss the attributes of PCR and other molecular tests for clinical management in people with\n                    <jats:italic>T. cruzi<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpara.2023.1241154","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,22]],"date-time":"2023-11-22T07:08:30Z","timestamp":1700636910000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Clinical use of molecular methods for Trypanosoma cruzi infection in endemic and non-endemic countries: Benefits, limitations and challenges"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"Maria-Jesus","family":"Pinazo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Colin J.","family":"Forsyth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Constanza","family":"Lopez-Albizu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margarita Mar\u00eda Catalina","family":"Bisio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adriana","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Bohorquez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jimy","family":"Pinto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Israel","family":"Molina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Marchiol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rafael","family":"Herazo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irene Losada","family":"Galv\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tayn\u00e1","family":"Marques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabiana","family":"Barreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan Carlos","family":"Villar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanina","family":"Sguassero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Soledad","family":"Santini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaime","family":"Altcheh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Belkisyol\u00e9","family":"Alarc\u00f3n de Noya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sergio","family":"Sosa-Estani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parepi.2016.02.005","article-title":"Orally-transmitted Chagas disease: Epidemiological, clinical, serological and molecular outcomes of a school microepidemic in Chichiriviche de la Costa, Venezuela","volume":"1","author":"Alarc\u00f3n de Noya","year":"2016","journal-title":"Parasite Epidemiol. 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