{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T16:13:48Z","timestamp":1753892028587,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,16]],"date-time":"2021-02-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1613433600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pediatr."],"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Background:<\/jats:bold> Simulation education can benefit healthcare providers (HCPs) by providing opportunities to practice complex neonatal-resuscitation tasks in low-stake environments. To our knowledge, no study investigated the role of growth mindset on longitudinal performance on neonatal resuscitation before and after simulation-based training.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Objectives:<\/jats:bold> This study examines whether 1) the RETAIN digital\/table-top simulators facilitate HCPs' neonatal resuscitation knowledge gain, retention, and transfer and 2) growth mindset moderates HCPs' longitudinal performance in neonatal resuscitation.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold> Participants were <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 50 HCPs in a tertiary perinatal center in Edmonton, Canada. This longitudinal study was conducted in three stages including 1) a pretest and a mindset survey, immediately followed by a posttest using the RETAIN digital simulator from April to August 2019; 2) a 2-month delayed posttest using the same RETAIN neonatal resuscitation digital simulator from June to October 2019; and 3) a 5-month delayed posttest using the low-fidelity table-top neonatal resuscitation digital simulator from September 2019 to January 2020. Three General Linear Mixed Model (GLMM) repeated-measure analyses investigated HCPs' performance on neonatal resuscitation over time and the moderating effect of growth mindset on the association between test time points and task performance.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold> Compared with their pretest performance, HCPs effectively improved their neonatal resuscitation knowledge after the RETAIN digital simulation-based training on the immediate posttest (<jats:italic>Est<\/jats:italic> = 1.88, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.05), retained their knowledge on the 2-month delayed posttest (<jats:italic>Est<\/jats:italic> = 1.36, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.05), and transferred their knowledge to the table-top simulator after 5 months (<jats:italic>Est<\/jats:italic> = 2.01, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.05). Although growth mindset did not moderate the performance gain from the pretest to the immediate posttest, it moderated the relationship between HCPs' pretest and long-term knowledge retention (i.e., the interaction effect of mindset and the 2-month posttest was significant: <jats:italic>Est<\/jats:italic> = 0.97, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.05). The more they endorsed a growth mindset, the better the HCPs performed on the posttest, but only when they were tested after 2 months.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions:<\/jats:bold> Digital simulators for neonatal resuscitation training can effectively facilitate HCPs' knowledge gain, maintenance, and transfer. Besides, growth mindset shows a positive moderating effect on the longitudinal performance improvement in simulation-based training. Future research can be conducted to implement growth-mindset interventions promoting more effective delivery of technology-enhanced, simulation-based training and assessment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2020.594690","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,18]],"date-time":"2021-02-18T13:22:57Z","timestamp":1613654577000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Mindset Moderates Healthcare Providers' Longitudinal Performance in a Digital Neonatal Resuscitation Simulator"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Chang","family":"Lu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Simran K.","family":"Ghoman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Cutumisu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Georg M.","family":"Schm\u00f6lzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1053\/adnc.2002.36831","article-title":"A prospective clinical audit of neonatal resuscitation practices in Canada","volume":"6","author":"Mitchell","year":"2002","journal-title":"Adv Neonatal Care."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S204","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000276","article-title":"Part 7: neonatal resuscitation","volume":"132","author":"Perlman Jeffrey","year":"2015","journal-title":"Circulation."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000267","article-title":"Part 13: neonatal resuscitation: 2015 American Heart Association Guidelines Update for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care","volume":"132","author":"Wyckoff","year":"2015","journal-title":"Circulation."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2007.12.282","article-title":"QS44. 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