{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,6]],"date-time":"2026-06-06T08:46:09Z","timestamp":1780735569300,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,8]],"date-time":"2021-03-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1615161600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pediatr."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Patients who have undergone cardiac surgery using prosthetic devices have an increased risk of developing prosthetic device-related infection and mediastinitis. However, accurate diagnosis of prosthetic device-related infection can be difficult to evaluate and treat with antibiotic therapy alone. In recent years, <jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography-computed tomography (<jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>F-FDG PET-CT) has made promising contributions to detect infective endocarditis, pacemaker infections, or other inflammations. Nevertheless, <jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>F-FDG PET-CT for congenital heart disease (CHD) with device infection has been sparsely reported. We present an infantile girl diagnosed with pulmonary atresia with a ventricular septal defect who underwent replacement of the right ventricle-to-pulmonary artery (RV-PA) conduit for improvement cyanosis. She developed high fever and was diagnosed with mediastinitis and bacteremia by <jats:italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa)<\/jats:italic> on postoperative day 4. Mediastinal drainage and 6 weeks of antibiotic therapy improved her condition, but bacteremia flared up on postoperative day 56. Despite a long course of antibiotic therapy, she had two more recurrences of bacteremia with the detection of <jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>. Echocardiography and chest contrast CT showed no evidence of vegetation and mediastinitis. On postoperative day 115, <jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>F-FDG PET-CT revealed an accumulation on the RV-PA conduit (SUV max 3.4). Finally, she developed an infectious ventricular pseudo-aneurysm on postoperative day 129 and underwent aneurysm removal and RV-PA conduit replacement on postoperative day 136. Our case showed the importance of <jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>F-FDG PET-CT for diagnosing specific localization of prosthetic device-related infection which is hard to detect using other imaging techniques. It can be a useful diagnostic tool for infantile patients with CHD with cardiac prosthetic devices and improve subsequent clinical treatments.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2021.584741","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,8]],"date-time":"2021-03-08T05:36:55Z","timestamp":1615181815000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Case Report: 18F-FDG PET-CT for Diagnosing Prosthetic Device-Related Infection in an Infant With CHD"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Junpei","family":"Kawamura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kentaro","family":"Ueno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eri","family":"Taimura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomoyuki","family":"Matsuba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yutaka","family":"Imoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Megumi","family":"Jinguji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshifumi","family":"Kawano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1093\/ejcts\/ezw326","article-title":"European association for cardio-thoracic surgery expert consensus statement on the prevention and management of mediastinitis","volume":"51","author":"Abu-Omar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur J Cardiothorac Surg."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.4330\/wjc.v2.i11.391","article-title":"Mediastinitis in pediatric cardiac surgery: prevention, diagnosis and treatment","volume":"2","author":"Durandy","year":"2010","journal-title":"World J Cardiol."},{"key":"B3","first-page":"199","article-title":"Right-sided infective endocarditis: recent epidemiologic changes","volume":"7","author":"Yuan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Clin Exp Med."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1616","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.11.059","article-title":"Usefullness of fluorine-18 positron emission tomography\/computed tomography for identification of cardiovascular implantable electronic device infections","volume":"59","author":"Sarrazin","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1007\/s11886-017-0824-3","article-title":"18F-FDG-PET\/CT angiography for the diagnosis of infective endocarditis","volume":"19","author":"Roque","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr Cardiol Rep"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1679","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2018.08.026","article-title":"Merits of FDG PET\/CT and functional molecular imaging over anatomic imaging with echocardiography and CT angiography for the diagnosis of cardiac device infections","volume":"11","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Imaging."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3739","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehx784","article-title":"18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission\/computed tomography and computed tomography angiography in prosthetic heart valve endocarditis: from guidelines to clinical practice","volume":"39","author":"Swart","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1007\/s13139-016-0424-y","article-title":"FDG-PET identification of infected pulmonary artery conduit following tetralogy of fallot (TOF) repair","volume":"51","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nucl Med Mol Imaging."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.4326\/jjcvs.37.96","article-title":"Detection of late presentation of poststernotomy mediastinitis in an infant by positron emission tomography","volume":"37","author":"Morishima","year":"2008","journal-title":"Jpn. 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