{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T17:46:31Z","timestamp":1792345591129,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,20]],"date-time":"2021-04-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1618876800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pediatr."],"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Background:<\/jats:bold> Inflammatory response, oxidative stress, and immunologic mechanism are involved in the pathogenesis of <jats:italic>Mycoplasma pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> pneumonia (MPP). However, the role of immune system of pediatric interstitial pneumonia due to <jats:italic>M. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> infections remains poorly understood. The aim of this study was to analyze the immunologic features of pediatric interstitial pneumonia due to <jats:italic>Mycoplasma pneumoniae (M. pneumoniae)<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold> A retrospective study was conducted on a primary cohort of children with MPP. Propensity score analysis was performed to match interstitial pneumonia and pulmonary consolidation children.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold> The clinical characteristics strongly associated with the development of interstitial pneumonia were boys, age &amp;gt;5 years, wheezing history, hydrothorax free, lymphocytes (&amp;gt;3.0 \u00d7 10<jats:sup>9<\/jats:sup>\/L), CD19<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> (&amp;gt;0.9 \u00d7 10<jats:sup>9<\/jats:sup>\/L), CD3<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> (&amp;gt;2.5 \u00d7 10<jats:sup>9<\/jats:sup>\/L), CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> (&amp;gt;1.5 \u00d7 10<jats:sup>9<\/jats:sup>\/L), CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> (&amp;gt;0.9 \u00d7 10<jats:sup>9<\/jats:sup>\/L), interleukin-6 (IL-6, &amp;lt;30 pg\/ml), IL-10 (&amp;lt;6 pg\/ml), and interferon-\u03b3 (IFN-\u03b3, &amp;lt;15 pg\/ml). After propensity score analysis, children with interstitial pneumonia showed significantly higher CD19<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>, CD3<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>, and CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cell counts, and lower serum IL-6, IL-10, and IFN-\u03b3 levels. The final regression model showed that only CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells (&amp;gt;1.5 \u00d7 10<jats:sup>9<\/jats:sup>\/L, OR = 2.473), IFN-\u03b3 (&amp;lt;15 pg\/ml, OR = 2.250), and hydrothorax free (OR = 14.454) were correlated with the development of interstitial pneumonia among children with MPP.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions:<\/jats:bold> The <jats:italic>M. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>-induced interstitial pneumonia showed increased CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells and lower serum IFN-\u03b3 level. Specific immunologic profiles could be involved in the development of pediatric interstitial pneumonia due to <jats:italic>M. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> infections.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2021.651487","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,20]],"date-time":"2021-04-20T04:25:16Z","timestamp":1618892716000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Immunological Features of Pediatric Interstitial Pneumonia Due to Mycoplasma 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