{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T20:11:19Z","timestamp":1791576679530,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]],"date-time":"2021-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625097600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006109","name":"Vedeck\u00c3\u00a1 Grantov\u00c3\u00a1 Agent\u00c3\u00bara M\u00c5 VVa\u00c5 SR a SAV","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["VEGA 1\/0199\/19"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["VEGA 1\/0199\/19"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006109","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006109","name":"Vedeck\u00c3\u00a1 Grantov\u00c3\u00a1 Agent\u00c3\u00bara M\u00c5 VVa\u00c5 SR a SAV","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["VEGA 1\/0200\/19"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["VEGA 1\/0200\/19"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006109","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006109","name":"Vedeck\u00c3\u00a1 Grantov\u00c3\u00a1 Agent\u00c3\u00bara M\u00c5 VVa\u00c5 SR a SAV","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["VEGA 1\/0283\/21"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["VEGA 1\/0283\/21"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006109","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pediatr."],"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Introduction:<\/jats:bold> Cardiovascular system is the vitally important system in the dynamical adaptation process of the newborns to the extrauterine environment. To reliably detect immaturity in the given organ system, it is crucial to study the development of the organ functions in relation to maturation process.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Objectives:<\/jats:bold> The objective was to determine the changes in the spontaneous short-term blood pressure variability (BPV) and baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) reflecting various aspects of cardiovascular control during the process of maturation in preterm babies and to separate effects of gestational age and postnatal age.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold> Thirty-three prematurely born infants without any signs of cardio-respiratory disorders (gestational age: 31.8, range: 27\u201336 weeks; birth weight: 1,704, range: 820\u20132,730 grams) were enrolled. Continuous peripheral blood pressure signal was obtained by non-invasive volume-clamp photoplethysmography method during supine rest. The recordings of 250 continuous beat-to-beat blood pressure values were processed by spectral analysis of BPV (assessed measures: total power, low frequency and high frequency powers of systolic BPV) and BRS calculation. For each infant we also assessed systolic, diastolic and mean blood pressures, heart rate and respiratory rate.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold> With the postconceptional age, BPV measures decreased (for total power: Spearman correlation coefficient r<jats:sub>s<\/jats:sub> = \u22120.345, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.049; for low frequency power: r<jats:sub>s<\/jats:sub> = \u22120.365, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.037; for high frequency power r<jats:sub>s<\/jats:sub> = \u22120.349; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.046); and BRS increased significantly (r<jats:sub>s<\/jats:sub> = 0.448, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.009). The further analysis demonstrated that these effects were more attributable to gestational age than to postnatal age. BRS correlated negatively with BPV magnitude (r<jats:sub>s<\/jats:sub> = \u22120.479 to \u22120.592, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.001\u20130.005). Mean blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure increased during maturation (r<jats:sub>s<\/jats:sub> = 0.517 and 0.537, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.002 and 0.001, respectively) while heart rate and respiratory rate decreased (r<jats:sub>s<\/jats:sub> = \u22120.366 and \u22120.516, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.036 and 0.002, respectively).<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusion:<\/jats:bold> We conclude that maturation process is accompanied by an increased involvement of baroreflex buffering of spontaneous short-term blood pressure oscillations. Gestational age plays a dominant role not only in BPV changes but also in BRS, mean blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and heart rate changes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2021.653573","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]],"date-time":"2021-07-01T13:39:44Z","timestamp":1625146784000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Blood Pressure Variability and Baroreflex Sensitivity in Premature Newborns\u2014An Effect of Postconceptional and Gestational Age"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Kamil","family":"Javorka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katarina","family":"Haskova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbora","family":"Czippelova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mirko","family":"Zibolen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michal","family":"Javorka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.111.181784","article-title":"Systematic review and meta-analysis of preterm birth and later systolic blood pressure","volume":"59","author":"Jong","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-009-1373-9","article-title":"Very preterm birth is a risk factor for increased systolic blood pressure at a young adult age","volume":"25","author":"Keijzer-Veen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2012.09.009","article-title":"The development of autonomic cardiovascular control is altered by preterm birth","volume":"89","author":"Yiallourou","year":"2013","journal-title":"Early Hum Dev."},{"key":"B4","unstructured":"Chapter 15: Cardiovascular consequences of preterm birth in the first year of life31940\n            FyfeKL\n            YiallourouSR\n            HorneRSC\n          Preterm Birth - Mother and Child. Intech Open2012"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.2478\/v10201-011-0012-x","article-title":"Determinants of herat rate in newborns","volume":"11","author":"Javorka","year":"2011","journal-title":"Acta Med Mart."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4: 303","DOI":"10.1515\/JPM.2006.058","article-title":"Maturation of the autonomic nervous system: differences in heart rate variability in premature vs","volume":"34","author":"Longin","year":"2006","journal-title":"term infants. J Perinat Med."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.6100\/IR529998","article-title":"Blood pressure variability in neonates with a special focus on signal acquisition and signal processing","volume":"153","author":"Jong","year":"2000","journal-title":"Technische Universiteit Eindhoven."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.5402\/2013\/398485","article-title":"Blood pressure variability: prognostic value and therapeutic implications","volume":"2013","author":"H\u00f6cht","year":"2013","journal-title":"ISRN Hypertension"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1681.2007.04588.x","article-title":"Identification of blood pressure control mechanisms by power spectral analysis","volume":"34","author":"Stauss","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1203\/01.PDR.0000104152.85296.4F","article-title":"Noninvasive assessment of blood pressure variability in preterm infants","volume":"55","author":"Andriessen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Intern Pediat Res Found"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1203\/01.PDR.0000145257.75072.BB","article-title":"Cardiovascular autonomic regulation in preterm infants: the effect of atropine","volume":"56","author":"Andriessen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ped Res"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2013.00026","article-title":"The LF\/HF ratio does not accuartely measure cardiac sympatho-vagal balance","volume":"4","author":"Billman","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front Physiol."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7:565","DOI":"10.1139\/Y09-041","article-title":"Baroreflex sensitivity is reduced in obese normotensive children and adolescents","volume":"87","author":"Lazarova","year":"2009","journal-title":"Can J Physiol Pharmacol."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1007\/s00422-001-0292-z","article-title":"Quantifying the strength of the linear causal coupling in closed loop interacting cardiovascular variability signals","volume":"86","author":"Porta","year":"2002","journal-title":"Biol Cybern"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"H62","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.1995.269.1.H62","article-title":"Hemodynamic basis of oscillations in systemic arterial pressure in conscious rats","volume":"269","author":"Janssen","year":"1995","journal-title":"Amer J Physiol."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6579\/aa5b77","article-title":"Basic cardiovascular variability signals: mutual directed interactions explored in the information domain","volume":"38","author":"Javorka","year":"2017","journal-title":"Physiol Meas."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autneu.2007.04.008","article-title":"Autonomic nervous system activity in premature and full-term infants from theoretical term to 7 years","volume":"136","author":"De","year":"2007","journal-title":"Autonomic NeuroSci Basic Clin."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.4172\/2161-0665.1000114","article-title":"Lung compliance and airway resistance in healthy neonates","volume":"2","author":"Battisti","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pediatr Therapeut."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1974.36.4.426","article-title":"Influence of lung inflation on respiratory control in neonates","volume":"36","author":"Olinsky","year":"1974","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"H1870","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.2001.281.5.H1870","article-title":"Vagal cardiac function and arterial blood pressure stability","volume":"281","author":"Wray","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Heart Circul Physiol."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2005.093641","article-title":"Baroreceptor reflex sensitivity in human neonates: the effect of postmenstrual age","volume":"568","author":"Andriessen","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Physiol."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2014.11.026","article-title":"Gestational age at birth affects maturation of baroreflex control","volume":"166","author":"Fyfe","year":"2015","journal-title":"J.Pediat."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S257","DOI":"10.33549\/physiolres.933681","article-title":"Baroreflex sensitivity in premature infants \u2013 relation to the parameters characterizing intrauterine and postnatal condition","author":"Haskova","year":"2017","journal-title":"Physiol Res."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2193","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2010.187070","article-title":"Postnatal development of baroreflex sensitivity in infancy","volume":"12","author":"Yiallourou","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Physiol."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7793.2001.t01-1-00251.x","article-title":"Respiratory sinus arrhythmia: opposite effects on systolic and mean arterial pressure in supine humans","volume":"536","author":"Elstad","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Physiol."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(05)80700-0","article-title":"Mean arterial pressure changes in premature infants and those at risk for intraventricular hemorrhage","volume":"117","author":"Bada","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Pediat."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.110.150235","article-title":"Elevated blood pressure in offspring born premature to hypertensive pregnancy. Is endothelial dysfunction the underlying vascular mechanism?","volume":"56","author":"Lazdam","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hypertension."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1979","DOI":"10.3109\/14767058.2012.671870","article-title":"Effect of small for gestational age on hemodynamic parameters in the neonatal period","volume":"7","author":"Metz","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med."},{"key":"B29","first-page":"603","article-title":"Blood pressure in the small \u2013for -gestational age newborn","volume":"56","author":"Strambi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Minerva Pediatrica."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1007\/s11517-008-0359-2","article-title":"The arterial Windkessel","volume":"47","author":"Westerhof","year":"2009","journal-title":"Med Biol Eng Comput."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0b013e32801040ec","article-title":"First-year blood pressure increase steepest in low birthweight newborns","volume":"1","author":"Lurbe","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Hypertens."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"F38","DOI":"10.1136\/fn.80.1.F38","article-title":"Systolic blood pressure in babies of less than 32 weeks gestation in the first year of life","volume":"80","author":"Northern","year":"1999","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed"},{"key":"B33","first-page":"104","article-title":"Photoelectric measurement of blood pressure, volume and flow in the finger. Digest of the 10th international conference on medical and biological engineering","volume":"2","author":"Penaz","year":"1973","journal-title":"Dresden."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-097X.1996.tb01020.x","article-title":"Continuous non-invasive measurement of mean blood pressure in fingers by volume-clamp and differential oscillometric method","volume":"5","author":"Jagom\u00e4gi","year":"1996","journal-title":"Clin Physiol."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"814","DOI":"10.1213\/ane.0b013e318194f401","article-title":"The reliability of continuous noninvasive finger blood pressure measurement in critically ill children","volume":"108","author":"Lemson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Anesth Analg."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"F108","DOI":"10.1136\/fn.76.2.F108","article-title":"Assesment of spontaneous baroreflex sensitivity in neonates","volume":"76","author":"Drouin","year":"1997","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"F151","DOI":"10.1136\/fn.86.3.F151","article-title":"Development of baroreflex control of heart rate in preterm and full term infants","volume":"86","author":"Gournay","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1083","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/29.8.1083","article-title":"Validation of a new noninvasive method to measure blood pressure and assess baroreflex sensitivity in preterm infants during sleep","volume":"8","author":"Yiallourou","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neonate Sleep."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Pediatrics"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fped.2021.653573\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]],"date-time":"2021-07-01T13:39:51Z","timestamp":1625146791000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fped.2021.653573\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]]},"references-count":38,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fped.2021.653573"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fped.2021.653573","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-2360"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-2360","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]]},"article-number":"653573"}}