{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T01:35:45Z","timestamp":1790127345965,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,21]],"date-time":"2021-04-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1618963200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pediatr."],"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Background:<\/jats:bold><jats:italic>ATP1A1<\/jats:italic> encodes an \u03b11 isoform of Na<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\/K<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>-ATPase, which is expressed abundantly in kidneys and central nervous system. <jats:italic>ATP1A1<\/jats:italic> variants may cause Na<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\/K<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>-ATPase loss of function and lead to a wide spectrum of phenotypes. This study aims to summarize the clinical and genetic features of <jats:italic>ATP1A1 de novo<\/jats:italic> mutation-related disorders and explore the potential correlations between phenotypes and genotypes.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold> We analyzed two new cases harboring novel <jats:italic>de novo ATP1A1<\/jats:italic> variants and reviewed all reported cases.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold> Both our probands had developmental delay, patient 1 accompanied with sleep disorders, irritability, and patient 2 with refractory seizures. They each had a novel <jats:italic>de novo<\/jats:italic> heterozygous missense variant, c.2797G&amp;gt;A[p.Asp933Asn] (NM_000701) and c.2590G&amp;gt;A[p.Gly864Arg] (NM_000701) respectively. Four patients with <jats:italic>de novo ATP1A1<\/jats:italic> variants have been reported in two previous papers. Among them, three patients had refractory seizures and one patient had complex hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP). Therefore, all six patients had developmental delay, and four of them had epilepsy. All variants located in the transmembrane regions M3, M4, M7, and M8 of ATP1A1 protein. Four patients with mutations in M3 and M7 had more severe phenotypes, including developmental delay and epileptic encephalopathy, three of them with hypomagnesemia, whereas two patients with mutations in M4 and M8 had milder phenotypes, only with mild developmental delay, without seizures or hypomagnesemia. Correcting hypomagnesemia had not controlled those seizures.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions:<\/jats:bold> Two novel <jats:italic>de novo ATP1A1<\/jats:italic> variants identified in two patients here enriched the genotypic and phenotypic spectrum of <jats:italic>ATP1A1<\/jats:italic> mutation-related disorder. Our findings suggest that hypomagnesemia in this disorder might relate to more severe phenotype and indicate more severe Na<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\/K<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>-ATPase dysfunction. Variations in M3 and M7 transmembrane regions were related to more severe phenotype than those in M4 and M8, which suggested that variations in M3 and M7 might cause more severe <jats:italic>ATP1A1<\/jats:italic> functional defect.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2021.657256","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,21]],"date-time":"2021-04-21T04:49:50Z","timestamp":1618980590000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["ATP1A1 de novo Mutation-Related Disorders: Clinical and Genetic Features"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Zehong","family":"Lin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinliang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taoyun","family":"Ji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ye","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kai","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuwu","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2005.03.004","article-title":"Na,K-ATPase subunit heterogeneity as a mechanism for tissue-specific ion regulation","volume":"25","author":"Blanco","year":"2005","journal-title":"Semin Nephrol."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2016.00209","article-title":"Insights into the pathology of the alpha3 Na(+)\/K(+)-ATPase ion pump in neurological disorders; 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