{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T23:22:28Z","timestamp":1784848948119,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,3]],"date-time":"2021-08-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627948800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pediatr."],"abstract":"<jats:p>The overarching goal of the present work is to contribute to the understanding of the relations between fetal heart rate (FHR) temporal dynamics and the well-being of the fetus, notably in terms of predicting the evolution of lactate, pH and cardiovascular decompensation (CVD). It makes uses of an established animal model of human labor, where 14 near-term ovine fetuses subjected to umbilical cord occlusions (UCO) were instrumented to permit regular intermittent measurements of metabolites lactate and base excess, pH, and continuous recording of electrocardiogram (ECG) and systemic arterial blood pressure (to identify CVD) during UCO. ECG-derived FHR was digitized at the sampling rate of 1,000 Hz and resampled to 4 Hz, as used in clinical routine. We focused on four FHR variability features which are tunable to temporal scales of FHR dynamics, robustly computable from FHR sampled at 4 Hz and within short-time sliding windows, hence permitting a time-dependent, or local, analysis of FHR which helps dealing with signal noise. Results show the sensitivity of the proposed features for early detection of CVD, correlation to metabolites and pH, useful for early acidosis detection and the importance of coarse time scales (2.5\u20138 s) which are not disturbed by the low FHR sampling rate. Further, we introduce the performance of an individualized self-referencing metric of the distance to healthy state, based on a combination of the four features. We demonstrate that this novel metric, applied to clinically available FHR temporal dynamics alone, accurately predicts the time occurrence of CVD which heralds a clinically significant degradation of the fetal health reserve to tolerate the trial of labor.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2021.660476","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,3]],"date-time":"2021-08-03T06:05:19Z","timestamp":1627970719000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Distance to Healthy Metabolic and Cardiovascular Dynamics From Fetal Heart Rate Scale-Dependent Features in Pregnant Sheep Model of Human Labor Predicts the Evolution of Acidemia and Cardiovascular Decompensation"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Stephane G.","family":"Roux","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicolas B.","family":"Garnier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrice","family":"Abry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathan","family":"Gold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin G.","family":"Frasch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2007.02.008","article-title":"Prevention of birth asphyxia: responding appropriately to cardiotocograph (CTG) traces","volume":"21","author":"Chandraharan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"B2","first-page":"159","article-title":"Guidelines for the use of fetal monitoring","volume":"25","year":"1986","journal-title":"Int J Gynaecol Obstet"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2015.06.020","article-title":"FIGO consensus guidelines on intrapartum fetal monitoring: cardiotocography","volume":"131","author":"Ayres-de Campos","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Gynaecol Obstet"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.1111\/jep.12368","article-title":"Agreement on intrapartum cardiotocogram recordings between expert obstetricians","volume":"21","author":"Hruban","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Eval Clin Pract"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5503","DOI":"10.1113\/JP275776","article-title":"Saving the brain one heartbeat at a time","volume":"596","author":"Frasch","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2017.00721","article-title":"Commentary: computerised interpretation of fetal heart rate during labour (INFANT): a randomised controlled trial","volume":"28","author":"Frasch","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.16674","article-title":"Fetal cerebral perfusion is better than fetal acidaemia for the prediction of brain injury and might be assessable by sophisticated fetal heart rate metrics","author":"Gold","year":"2021","journal-title":"BJOG Int J Obstet Gynaecol."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1080\/14767050500526172","article-title":"Fetal acidemia and electronic fetal heart rate patterns: is there evidence of an association?","volume":"19","author":"Parer","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bspc.2011.06.008","article-title":"Using nonlinear features for fetal heart rate classification","volume":"7","author":"Spilka","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biomed Signal Proc Control"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000001799","article-title":"Central fetal monitoring with and without computer analysis: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"129","author":"Nunes","year":"2017","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1207","DOI":"10.1111\/aogs.13639","article-title":"Computer-based intrapartum fetal monitoring and beyond: a review of the 2nd workshop on signal processing and monitoring in labor (October (2017). 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