{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T00:17:01Z","timestamp":1789690621599,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,25]],"date-time":"2021-05-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1621900800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pediatr."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Background:<\/jats:bold>\n                    <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) column for one of the most common pathogens causing neonatal infections. The emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria is a major cause of treatment failure in infected newborns. The purpose of this study was to describe antibiotic and multidrug resistance of\n                    <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    strains isolated from neonates with infection throughout the years 2009\u20132011.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold>\n                    The antimicrobial susceptibility testing of\n                    <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    strains to selected antibiotics was assessed using the E-test technique on the Mueller-Hinton agar. The antimicrobial tests included ceftazidime, cefuroxime, cefatriaxone, amoxicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, cefoperazone- sulbactam, meropenem, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, and sulfonamides.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold>\n                    A total of 100\n                    <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    strains were isolated from sputum (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 78), blood (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 10), cerebrospinal fluid (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 5), and umbilical discharge (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 7) samples of hospitalized neonates at the Beijing Children's Hospital. The highest rate of\n                    <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    resistance was found in amoxicillin (85%), followed by cefuroxime (65%), and cefatriaxone (60%), respectively. A total of 6 and 5% of all isolates were only resistant to amoxicillin\/clavulanic acid and cefoperazone -sulbactam. The rates of resistance to ceftazidime, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, and sulfonamides were 31, 20, 33, and 47%, respectively. All isolates were susceptible to meropenem. Approximately 26% of all\n                    <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates were multidrug-resistant. The detection rate of ESBL-Producing\n                    <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    was 55%.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusions:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Multi-drug-resistant\n                    <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    has become an important and complex problem in clinical treatment, and it is thus essential to monitor\n                    <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    resistance in neonates.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2021.670470","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,25]],"date-time":"2021-05-25T00:39:27Z","timestamp":1621903167000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":65,"title":["Antimicrobial Resistance Analysis of Clinical Escherichia coli Isolates in Neonatal 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