{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T13:08:54Z","timestamp":1793279334804,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,3]],"date-time":"2021-09-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630627200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pediatr."],"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Background:<\/jats:bold> Extremely preterm (EP) infants are at the highest risk of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). With more EP infants survived in China, recent data of ROP is lacking. The aim of the study is to report the trend of incidence of ROP among EP infants in a large neonatal intensive care unit in China over the past 10-year period, in relation with the overall survival rate and the change of oxygen saturation targets.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold> This retrospective cohort study enrolled all EP infants born before 28 weeks' gestation and admitted to one of the largest tertiary neonatal intensive care units in China from 2010 to 2019. Data were compared between two time periods according to different oxygen saturation targets: 2010\u20132014 (P1) with low saturation target and 2015\u20132019 (P2) with higher target.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold> Of 630 EP infants admitted during the 10 years, 447 (71.0%) infants survived to discharge. The survival rate increased significantly from 61.6% in P1 to 75.8% in P2 (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.05). Of the 472 infants who had ROP data, 318 (67.4%) developed ROP of any stage, 67 (14.2%) developed severe ROP, and 44 (9.3%) received treatment. The incidence of any ROP increased significantly from 51.7% in P1 to 74.3% in P2 (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.05). The incidence of severe ROP increased from 11.0% in P1 to 15.6% in P2, and ROP treatment increased from 6.9% in P1 to 10.4% in P2, but neither reached statistical significance (both <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &amp;gt; 0.05).<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions:<\/jats:bold> We observed an increasing trend in the incidence of ROP across the 10-year period in one of the largest neonatal care units in China. The increased survival rate and the use of high-target oxygen saturation in the later period may partly explain this trend. Further investigations are needed to improve the care practices and to reduce the incidence of severe ROP.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2021.717090","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,4]],"date-time":"2021-09-04T10:54:42Z","timestamp":1630752882000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Ten-Year Trend of Retinopathy of Prematurity Among Extremely Preterm Infants in One Neonatal Intensive Care Unit in China"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Yi","family":"Dai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yequn","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chao","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shulian","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e219382","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2021.9382","article-title":"Mortality and morbidity of infants born extremely preterm at tertiary medical centers in China From 2010 to 2019","volume":"4","author":"Zhu","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1016\/j.survophthal.2018.04.002","article-title":"Retinopathy of prematurity: a review of risk factors and their clinical significance","volume":"63","author":"Kim","year":"2018","journal-title":"Surv Ophthalmol."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2016.0391","article-title":"Ophthalmologic outcome of extremely preterm infants at 6.5 years of age: extremely preterm infants in Sweden study (EXPRESS)","volume":"134","author":"Hellgren","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1111\/jnp.12069","article-title":"The long-term outcome of extremely preterm (<28 weeks' gestational age) infants with and without severe retinopathy of prematurity","volume":"10","author":"Molloy","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Neuropsychol"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"F532","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2016-312533","article-title":"Severe retinopathy of prematurity predicts delayed white matter maturation and poorer neurodevelopment","volume":"102","author":"Glass","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1445","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)60178-6","article-title":"Retinopathy of prematurity","volume":"382","author":"Hellstrom","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e518","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2004-1180","article-title":"Characteristics of infants with severe retinopathy of prematurity in countries with low, moderate, and high levels of development: implications for screening programs","volume":"115","author":"Gilbert","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1399","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2016-310041","article-title":"International network for evaluating outcomes of neonates. 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