{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]],"date-time":"2026-05-18T14:29:30Z","timestamp":1779114570151,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,25]],"date-time":"2021-08-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1629849600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pediatr."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Neonatal hypoxic\u2013ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is a common neurological disorder triggered by perinatal cerebral ischemia and hypoxia. Accumulating evidence has shown that peptides have neuroprotective effects in nerve injury. However, the function of endogenous peptides in the pathogenesis of HIE has not been studied. In the present study, a comparative peptidomic profile was performed in the serum of the human umbilical cord blood with HIE (three patients) and the control group (three health control) by liquid chromatography\u2013mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Our study demonstrated that a total of 49 peptides derived from 25 precursor proteins were differentially expressed in the serum of HIE compared with normal controls, including 33 upregulated peptides and 16 downregulated peptides. Each of the differentially expressed peptides has specific characteristics, including pI, Mw, and cleavage pattern. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses indicated that the precursor proteins of differentially expressed peptides participate in the different biological process. Moreover, among the 49 differentially expressed peptides, 21 peptides were identified from the fibrinogen chain family, which plays a role in neurological diseases, suggesting that these peptides may play an important role in maintaining brain health. In conclusion, our results showed a comparative peptidomic profile from human umbilical cord blood of HIE patients and normal controls. These dysregulated peptides may have potentially important functions in umbilical cord blood with HIE and may be involved in the pathogenesis of the HIE.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2021.718704","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,25]],"date-time":"2021-08-25T09:03:02Z","timestamp":1629882182000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Peptidomic Analysis of Neonate Umbilical Cord Blood for the Identification of Endogenous Peptides Involved in Hypoxic\u2013Ischemic Encephalopathy"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Xiaohua","family":"Dong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yinyin","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qing","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaohui","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yanqing","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lingling","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yingmin","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1097\/01.JPN.0000346221.48202.7e","article-title":"The chilling details: hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy","volume":"23","author":"Verklan","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Perinat Neonatal Nurs"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2019.00088","article-title":"Mechanism and Treatment Related to Oxidative Stress in Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy","volume":"12","author":"Qin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Mol Neurosci."},{"key":"B3","first-page":"455","article-title":"Perinatal complication: hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy","volume":"102","author":"Valkounova","year":"2001","journal-title":"Sb Lek."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clp.2016.04.002","article-title":"Pathophysiology of Birth Asphyxia","volume":"43","author":"Rainaldi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Perinatol."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1976.00500100030012","article-title":"Neonatal encephalopathy following fetal distress. 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