{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T01:37:07Z","timestamp":1789177027312,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,24]],"date-time":"2021-08-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1629763200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pediatr."],"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Objective:<\/jats:bold> Evidence for the duration of perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis (PAP) after the correction of craniosynostosis in children is scarce. We evaluated the necessary duration of PAP to ensure a minimal rate of postoperative wound infections.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold> In this monocentric, retrospective, and prospective pilot study, two PAP protocols were compared. From August 2017 to May 2018, treatment group 1 (TG 1) was treated using the standard PAP protocol with at least three doses of antibiotics. Between May 2018 and March 2019, a shortened PAP with a single-shot administration was given to treatment group 2 (TG 2a and b). Endpoints of this study were wound infection rate, colonization rate of wound drains, and the course of treatment reflected by clinical and laboratory data.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold> A cohort of 187 children underwent craniosynostosis correction: 167 were treated according to protocols-\u221295 patients with at least three doses (TG 1) and 72 patients with a single-shot of cefuroxime (TG 2a). Baseline characteristics were similar for both groups. We could not detect significant differences, neither for wound infection rates (TG 1: 1.1%, TG 2a: 0.0%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.38) nor for colonization rates of wound drains (TG 1: 4.8%, TG 2a: 10.5%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.27).<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions:<\/jats:bold> Single-shot PAP had no adverse effects on the wound infection rate or the colonization rate of the wound drains compared with prolonged perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis. As a result, single-shot preoperative PAP is now applied to the majority craniosynostosis patients undergoing surgical correction in our unit.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2021.720074","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,24]],"date-time":"2021-08-24T08:56:13Z","timestamp":1629795373000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["The Influence of Perioperative Antibiotic Prophylaxis on Wound Infection and on the Colonization of Wound Drains in Patients After Correction of Craniosynostosis"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Johannes","family":"Holle","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tobias","family":"Finger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julia","family":"Lugonja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Florian","family":"Schmidt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Schaumann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Gratopp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ulrich-Wilhelm","family":"Thomale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Horst","family":"von Bernuth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthias","family":"Schulz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/0895-4356(90)90058-W","article-title":"A population-based study of craniosynostosis","volume":"43","author":"French","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.1985.02140030091038","article-title":"The incidence of isolated craniosynostosis in the newborn infant","volume":"139","author":"Shuper","year":"1985","journal-title":"Am J Dis Child."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-8628(19990423)83:5<382::AID-AJMG8>3.0.CO;2-A","article-title":"Craniosynostosis in Western Australia, 1980\u20131994: a population-based study","volume":"83","author":"Singer","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1273","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2016.07.007","article-title":"Increase of prevalence of craniosynostosis","volume":"44","author":"Cornelissen","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Craniomaxillofac Surg."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1089\/sur.2013.9999","article-title":"Clinical practice guidelines for antimicrobial prophylaxis in surgery","volume":"14","author":"Bratzler","year":"2013","journal-title":"Surg Infect."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.3238\/arztebl.2013.0627","article-title":"Nosocomial infection and antibiotic use: a second national prevalence study in Germany","volume":"110","author":"Behnke","year":"2013","journal-title":"Dtsch Arztebl Int."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.3171\/2016.2.PEDS15604","article-title":"Risk factors for unplanned readmission within 30 days after pediatric neurosurgery: a nationwide analysis of 9799 procedures from the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program","volume":"18","author":"Sherrod","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Pediatr."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E11","DOI":"10.3171\/2015.9.FOCUS15383","article-title":"Complications after craniosynostosis surgery: comparison of the 2012 Kids' Inpatient Database and Pediatric NSQIP Database","volume":"39","author":"Lin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurosurg Focus."},{"key":"B9","first-page":"1611","article-title":"Calvarial remodelling surgery: neurosurgical experience of multidisciplinary craniofacial reconstruction","volume":"66","author":"Ghaffar","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Pak Med Assoc."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0000000000005695","article-title":"Infectious complications after open cranial vault remodeling for craniosynostosis","volume":"31","author":"Musavi","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Craniofac Surg."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1767","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0000000000004787","article-title":"Socioeconomic factors, perioperative complications, and 30-day readmission rates associated with delayed cranial vault reconstruction for craniosynostosis","volume":"29","author":"Sergesketter","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Craniofac Surg."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0000000000007035","article-title":"Updated guideline on treatment and management of craniosynostosis","volume":"32","author":"Mathijssen","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Craniofac Surg."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1360","DOI":"10.1007\/s12325-020-01269-2","article-title":"Perioperative antibiotics in clean-contaminated head and neck surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"37","author":"Vander Poorten","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv Ther."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"828","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.18.00990","article-title":"Perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis in total joint arthroplasty: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"101","author":"Siddiqi","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkz348","article-title":"Impact of national interventions to promote responsible antibiotic use: a systematic review","volume":"75","author":"Lim","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.4103\/jpbs.JPBS_186_19","article-title":"Inclining trend of the researchers interest in antimicrobial stewardship: a systematic review","volume":"12","author":"Ahmad","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Pharm Bioallied Sci."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1186\/s13756-019-0659-3","article-title":"Correction to: implementation and impact of pediatric antimicrobial stewardship programs: a systematic scoping review","volume":"9","author":"Don\u00e0","year":"2020","journal-title":"Antimicrob Resist Infect Control."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1159\/000339312","article-title":"Perioperative factors associated with prolonged intensive care unit and hospital length of stay after pediatric neurosurgery","volume":"47","author":"Mekitarian Filho","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pediatr Neurosurg."},{"key":"B19","first-page":"48","article-title":"Effect of perioperative management on outcome of patients after craniosynostosis surgery","volume":"6","author":"Kalantar Hormozi","year":"2017","journal-title":"World J Plast Surg."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1097\/01.JAA.0000496951.72463.de","article-title":"Evaluating postoperative fever","volume":"29","author":"Maday","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAAPA."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.3238\/PersInfek.2015.06.05.08","article-title":"Antibiotic Stewardship: Rationaler Einsatz","volume":"112","author":"With","year":"2015","journal-title":"Dtsch Arztebl Int."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4659","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00562-11","article-title":"Nonconcordance with surgical site infection prevention guidelines and rates of surgical site infections for general surgical, neurological, and orthopedic procedures","volume":"55","author":"Young","year":"2011","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother."},{"key":"B23","first-page":"331","article-title":"The Israeli study of surgical infection of drains and the risk of wound infection in operations for hernia","volume":"170","author":"Simchen","year":"1990","journal-title":"Surg Gynecol Obstet."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Pediatrics"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fped.2021.720074\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,24]],"date-time":"2021-08-24T08:56:20Z","timestamp":1629795380000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fped.2021.720074\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,24]]},"references-count":23,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fped.2021.720074"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fped.2021.720074","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-2360"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-2360","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,24]]},"article-number":"720074"}}