{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T00:17:13Z","timestamp":1777421833292,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,13]],"date-time":"2021-09-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1631491200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pediatr."],"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Background:<\/jats:bold> Pediatric sarcoidosis is a complex inflammatory disorder with multisystemic manifestations. Kidney involvement in children is rare, and prognostic factors are unknown.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Case Report and Methods:<\/jats:bold> We report the case of a 16-year-old girl with multiorgan sarcoidosis and renal involvement. The patient presented with tubulointerstitial nephritis, acute kidney injury (AKI), chest CT disseminated noduli, granulomatous iridocyclitis, giant-cell sialadenitis, and arthralgia. The kidney biopsy revealed non-granulomatous interstitial nephritis. Treatment consisted of initial high-dose methylprednisolone pulse followed by oral prednisolone and methotrexate. Full remission was achieved. In addition, we performed a literature review using PubMed and analyzed data on pediatric renal sarcoidosis cases.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold> We identified 36 cases of pediatric sarcoidosis with renal involvement on presentation and data on the end-of-follow-up glomerular filtration rate (GFR). The data from the literature review showed that renal involvement was slightly more prevalent in males (60%). AKI was present in most of the described patients (84%). Oral prednisolone was used in 35 of 36 cases; in more severe cases, other immunosuppressants were used. We newly identified renal concentration impairment and granulomatous interstitial nephritis as factors with a clear trend toward GFR loss at the end of follow-up, emphasizing the importance of kidney biopsy in symptomatic patients. In contrast, higher GFR at presentation and hypercalcemia were rather favorable factors. According to the identified predictive factors, our patient has a good prognosis and is in remission.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusion:<\/jats:bold> The factors indicating a trend toward an unfavorable renal outcome in pediatric sarcoidosis are renal concentration impairment and granulomatous interstitial nephritis at presentation, while a higher GFR is beneficial.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2021.724728","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,13]],"date-time":"2021-09-13T15:16:00Z","timestamp":1631546160000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Case Report: Pediatric Renal Sarcoidosis and Prognostic Factors in Reviewed Cases"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Richard","family":"Klaus","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Annette 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