{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T22:00:09Z","timestamp":1778191209220,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,1]],"date-time":"2021-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633046400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pediatr."],"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Background:<\/jats:bold> Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease (KFD) is a benign and self-limiting disease characterized by regional lymphadenitis and low-grade fever. Encephalopathy may present in children with KFD. We present three cases of KFD with encephalopathy in children and a literature review.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold> Literature published between 2010 and 2020 was reviewed to understand the clinical features, laboratory findings, and treatments for encephalopathy occurring in children with KFD.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold> The interval between KFD and onset of neurological symptoms was 10 days to 3 months. Laboratory results were normal, except for high protein levels in cerebrospinal fluid findings. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings include hyperintense T2 and FLAIR signal in the supratentorial white matter, deep gray matter, brain stem, cerebellum, temporal lobes, pons, and basal ganglia. Glucocorticoids and immunoglobulin could be effective for treating KFD with encephalopathy.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusion:<\/jats:bold> The early clinical manifestations of KFD with encephalopathy in children lack specificity, and the diagnosis is mainly based on CSF analysis and brain MRI findings. Early and timely immunomodulatory therapy is effective and can improve the prognosis of patients with KFD with encephalopathy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2021.727411","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,1]],"date-time":"2021-10-01T14:24:02Z","timestamp":1633098242000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Kikuchi-Fujimoto Disease With Encephalopathy in Children: Case Reports and Literature Review"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Yu-Ting","family":"Pan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Li-Ming","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhi-Dan","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hai-Guo","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","first-page":"379","article-title":"Lymphadenitis showing focal reticulum cell hyperplasia with nuclear debris and phagocytes: a clinicopathological study","volume":"35","author":"Kikuchi","year":"1972","journal-title":"Acta Haematol Jpn."},{"key":"B2","first-page":"920","article-title":"Cervical subacute necrotizing lymphadenitis","volume":"20","author":"Fujimoto","year":"1972","journal-title":"A new clinicopathological entity Intern med."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1890","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2014.08.019","article-title":"Causative agents of Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease (histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis): a meta-analysis","volume":"78","author":"Chong","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-006-0230-5","article-title":"Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease: analysis of 244 cases","volume":"26","author":"Kucukardali","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1067\/mhn.2001.120431","article-title":"Kikuchi-Fujimoto's disease: an easily misdiagnosed clinical entity","volume":"125","author":"Ramirez","year":"2001","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1177\/0961203309345793","article-title":"Necrotizing lymphadenitis: Kikuchi\u2013Fujimoto disease alias lupus lymphadenitis?","volume":"19","author":"Cramer","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lupus."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1177\/107327481402100407","article-title":"Pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management of Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease","volume":"21","author":"Deaver","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cancer Control."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2017.09.009","article-title":"Three children of meningoencephalitis with Kikuchi necrotizing lymphadenitis","volume":"40","author":"Byun","year":"2018","journal-title":"Brain Dev."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1298.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2014.03.029","article-title":"Kikuchi disease presenting with aseptic meningitis","volume":"32","author":"Khishfe","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Emerg Med."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2004.01906.x","article-title":"Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease: immediate remission with ciprofloxacin","volume":"43","author":"Mahajan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000000220","article-title":"Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease: retrospective study of 91 cases and review of the literature","volume":"93","author":"Dumas","year":"2014","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1111\/jpc.14628","article-title":"Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease in children","volume":"56","author":"Selvanathan","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Paediatr Child Health."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"774","DOI":"10.1309\/1A6Y-YCKP-5AVF-QTYR","article-title":"Virus infection in patients with histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis in Taiwan. 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