{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]],"date-time":"2026-05-11T14:28:44Z","timestamp":1778509724188,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,5]],"date-time":"2021-11-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1636070400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pediatr."],"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Objectives:<\/jats:bold> The present study aimed to assess the expression of caspase-1 and caspase-1-dependent processing of cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-1\u03b2 and IL-18, in the middle ear effusion of children with otitis media with effusion (OME) in order to identify the potential role of inflammasomes in OME.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold> This study included 29 children scheduled for myringotomy with the insertion of tympanostomy tubes due to OME. Middle ear effusion (MEE) was collected during the surgery. Caspase-1, IL-1\u03b2, and IL-18 were assayed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. The levels were compared between those with mucoid and serous MEE and those with and without a history of ventilation tube insertion.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold> Caspase-1, IL-1\u03b2, and IL-18 were detected in all samples. The caspase-1, IL-1\u03b2, and IL-18 levels did not significantly differ between mucoid samples and serous samples. No statistical significances were discovered in caspase-1, IL-1\u03b2, and IL-18 levels between with and without a history of ventilation tube groups. There was a significant negative correlation between IL-1\u03b2 and IL-18 and the duration of OME (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.05). However, no significant correlation was found between caspase-1 and disease duration.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions:<\/jats:bold> Inflammasomes may participate in the inflammatory process of OME. IL-1\u03b2 and IL-18 levels in the MEE decreased over time.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2021.732973","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,5]],"date-time":"2021-11-05T11:07:11Z","timestamp":1636110431000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Evaluation of Caspase-1, Interleukin-1\u03b2, and Interleukin-18, in the Middle Ear Effusion in Children With Otitis Media With 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