{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,12]],"date-time":"2026-04-12T06:38:33Z","timestamp":1775975913209,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":114,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,9]],"date-time":"2021-12-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1639008000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pediatr."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a recent epidemic disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome virus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2). In pregnancy, SARS-Cov-2 infection creates additional alarm due to concerns regarding the potential for transmission from the mother to the baby during both the antenatal and postpartum times. In general, breastfeeding is seldom disallowed because of infection of the mother. However, there are few exceptions with regards to certain infectious organisms with established transmission evidence from mother to infant and the link of infection of a newborn with significant morbidity and mortality. It is confirmed that pregnant women can become infected with SARS-CoV-2, although the debate on the possible vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy is still open. In this regard, the literature is still poor. On the contrary, the information on the safety of breastfeeding even during infections seems reassuring when the mother takes the necessary precautions. However, there are still answered questions regarding the precautions to be taken during breastfeeding by COVID-19 patients. This paper reviews the existing answers to these and many other questions. This review therefore presents a summary of the present-day understanding of infection with SARS-CoV-2 and discusses the answers around the maternal transmission of COVID-19 and the potential threat of breastfeeding to babies born to infected pregnant mothers. In conclusion, intrauterine transmission of SARS-CoV-2 infection is less likely to occur during pregnancy. Most studies suggest that COVID-19 is not transmitted through breast milk. Correspondingly, COVID-19-infected neonates might acquire the infection <jats:italic>via<\/jats:italic> the respiratory route because of the postnatal contact with the mother rather than during the prenatal period. International organizations encourage breastfeeding regardless of the COVID-19 status of the mother or child as long as proper hygienic and safety measures are adhered to so as to minimize the chance of infant infection by droplets and direct contact with the infected mother. Pasteurized donor human milk or infant formula as supplemental feeding can be quite beneficial in the case of mother\u2013infant separation till breastfeeding is safe.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2021.738263","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,9]],"date-time":"2021-12-09T12:57:04Z","timestamp":1639054624000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Maternal Transmission of SARS-CoV-2: Safety of Breastfeeding in Infants Born to Infected Mothers"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Hayder M.","family":"Al-kuraishy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ali I.","family":"Al-Gareeb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francis O.","family":"Atanu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mona A.","family":"EL-Zamkan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hassan M.","family":"Diab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ahmed S.","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thabat J.","family":"Al-Maiahy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ahmad J.","family":"Obaidullah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sultan","family":"Alshehri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohammed M.","family":"Ghoniem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gaber E.","family":"Batiha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1225","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30627-9","article-title":"COVID-19 and Italy: what next?","volume":"395","author":"Remuzzi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.25722","article-title":"Understanding of COVID-19 based on current evidence","volume":"92","author":"Sun","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Med Virol."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2020.01.050","article-title":"Preliminary estimation of the basic reproduction number of novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in China, from 2019 to 2020: a data-driven analysis in the early phase of the outbreak","volume":"92","author":"Zhao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30183-5","article-title":"Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China","volume":"395","author":"Huang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"key":"B5","unstructured":"Prise En Chargeaux Urgencies Maternite D'une Patiente Enceinte Suspectee Ou Infectee Par Le Coronavirus (COVID-19)-V1(15\/3\/2020)2020"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.22014","article-title":"Coronavirus in pregnancy and delivery: rapid review","volume":"55","author":"Mullins","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"760","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30365-2","article-title":"What are the risks of COVID-19 infection in pregnant women?","volume":"395","author":"Qiao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)61304-0","article-title":"Novel Influenza A (H1N1) pregnancy working group. 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