{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]],"date-time":"2026-02-24T15:34:28Z","timestamp":1771947268885,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,5]],"date-time":"2021-11-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1636070400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pediatr."],"abstract":"<jats:p>The wide spectrum of COVID-19 symptoms complicates the selection of target groups for screening. We aimed to compare data of children screened for COVID-19 at the pediatric emergency department in Vilnius between different phases throughout 1 year (Phase I: March\u2013May, 2020; Phase II: June\u2013September, 2020; and Phase III: October, 2020\u2013February, 2021) and to evaluate the possible predictors of the disease. SARS-CoV-2 PCR tests were positive for 2.7% of tested children (248\/9,238), significantly higher during the Phase III (5.5%) compared with the Phase I (0.6%,<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>= 0.000) and Phase II (0.3%,<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>= 0.000). Infants and teenagers (12\u201317 years) accounted for a larger proportion of COVID-19 patients (24.6 and 26.2%, respectively) compared to other age groups: 1\u20132 years (18.9%), 3\u20136 years (14.9%), and 7\u201311 years (15.3%). There were more COVID-19 cases among children with a known SARS-CoV-2 exposure compared to those who did not declare any contact (18.2 vs. 1.1%,<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>= 0000). When symptoms were adjusted for age, gender and known exposure to SARS-CoV-2, we found that fever (OR 2.66; 95% CI 1.89\u20133.81), pharyngitis (OR 1.35; 95% CI 1.01\u20131.80), headache (OR 1.81; 95% CI 1.09\u20132.90), and anosmia\/ageusia (OR 6.47; 95% CI 1.61\u201322.47) were the most significant predictors.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusion:<\/jats:bold>Although high numbers of testing were maintained throughout the year, the positive test results were significantly higher during the Phase III. Age (&amp;lt;1 year, 12\u201317 years), a history of exposure to SARS-CoV-2 and some symptoms, such as fever, pharyngitis, headache and anosmia\/ageusia could aid in targeting groups for screening for COVID-19 in children.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2021.749641","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,5]],"date-time":"2021-11-05T16:08:26Z","timestamp":1636128506000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Screening for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) at the Pediatric Emergency Department During Different Pandemic Phases"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Indr\u0117","family":"Stacevi\u010dien\u0117","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sigita","family":"Burokien\u0117","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Au\u0161ra","family":"Steponavi\u010dien\u0117","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daiva","family":"Vai\u010di\u016bnien\u0117","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roma","family":"Puronait\u0117","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Augustina","family":"Jankauskien\u0117","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","unstructured":"Weekly Epidemiological Update - 23 February 2021"},{"key":"B2","unstructured":"COVID-19 Statistics of the Previous Day"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-4642(20)30177-2","article-title":"COVID-19 in children and adolescents in Europe: a multinational, multicentre cohort study","volume":"4","author":"G\u00f6tzinger","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Child Adolesc Health."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10231","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-89553-1","article-title":"A retrospective cohort study of 12,306 pediatric COVID-19 patients in the United States","volume":"11","author":"Parcha","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Rep."},{"key":"B5","unstructured":"Children and COVID-19 State Data Report 4.29.21 FINAL.pdf"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1324","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6937e4","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2\u2013associated deaths among persons aged 21 Years \u2014 United States, February 12\u2013July 31, 2020","volume":"69","author":"Bixler","year":"2020","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0000000000002660","article-title":"Coronavirus infections in children including COVID-19: an overview of the epidemiology, clinical features, diagnosis, treatment and prevention options in children","volume":"39","author":"Zimmermann","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.10369","article-title":"Clinical characteristics of 58 children with a pediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome temporally associated with SARS-CoV-2","volume":"324","author":"Whittaker","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Week 23, 2021","DOI":"10.2307\/j.ctv2ks6zwj.4"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6914e4","article-title":"Coronavirus disease 2019 in children \u2014 United States, February 12\u2013April 2, 2020","volume":"69","year":"2020","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110972","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2021.110972","article-title":"Is coronavirus disease (COVID-19) seasonal? 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