{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T22:52:13Z","timestamp":1783032733153,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,13]],"date-time":"2022-10-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1665619200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31201095"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31201095"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pediatr."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>The outcome of vacuum bell (VB) treatment for preschool patients with pectus excavatum (PE) is poorly understood. We aim to investigate the short-term treatment effect of VB with a three-dimensional scanner and assess the clinical and demographic factors that might influence treatment outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We conducted a chart review study to review the records of preschool patients with PE who received VB treatment in a tertiary hospital from January 1, 2021, through January 1, 2022. Demographic data and chest wall deformity assessments were recorded at follow-up, including the anterior chest wall depths and depth ratio (DR). The demographic and clinical factors influencing treatment outcomes were tested using a logistic regression model.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>139 patients who accepted vacuum bell treatment were included in the final study analysis, with a mean age of 4.6 years and a BMI of 14.9. Forty-three patients (30.9%) with a depth of less than 3\u2005mm met the termination criteria and showed cosmetic results. The changes in depths (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.001) and DR (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.001) were statistically significant in 55 patients with three or four follow-ups. Multifactor logistic regression analysis showed that initial depth (OR 0.69, 95% CI 0.58\u20130.84, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.001) and treatment period (OR 1.58, 95% CI 1.23\u20132.04, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.001) were independent predictors of achieving complete correction.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>VB is an effective treatment modality in preschool patients in the short-term follow-up, which is influenced by the depth of depression and the duration of treatment. However, further prospective studies are needed to confirm these results.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2022.1008437","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,13]],"date-time":"2022-10-13T10:12:28Z","timestamp":1665655948000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Efficacy and determinants of vacuum bell treatment in preschool children with pectus excavatum"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Dengke","family":"Luo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaisheng","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miao","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chang","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taozhen","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semtcvs.2009.03.001","article-title":"Anatomical, histologic, and genetic characteristics of congenital chest wall 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