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Pediatr."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Rapid Automatized Naming (RAN) tests have been well-documented to predict reading abilities as well as a variety of neurobiological disorders (e.g., developmental dyslexia). Traditional measures of RAN tests only take into account the naming time and accuracy and cannot reflect temporal-spatial features during RAN tests. Although the eye tracking approach appears to be a promising tool for characterizing the essential temporal-spatial characteristics of RAN tests, no research has been conducted to investigate whether and how gender, age, and task-type alter those characteristics. Additionally, no study has examined eye movements during a Chinese adaptation of RAN in order to expand the applicability of RAN to developmental dyslexia in Chinese. To address the concerns stated above, this article recruited 408 children (206 males, aged 7\u201311 years) and adopted eight measures to quantify features of eye movements during a Chinese adaptation of RAN. Findings showed that: (1) eight eye-movement measures had the main effects of task-type and age, but only five of them had the main effect of gender (in particular, females outperformed males); (2) RAN abilities observed by eight eye-movement measures initially developed quickly before the age of 9, and then entered a relatively sluggish development phase; (3) non-alphanumeric RAN tasks generally required higher mental load (implying more fixation counts, saccade counts, and regression counts, smaller average saccade amplitude, fixation duration fluctuation and saccade amplitude fluctuation, and longer average fixation duration and total time of naming) than alphanumeric ones; (4) there were significant correlations between total time of naming (a widely-used behavioral parameter) and other eye-movement measures; and (5) there were significant correlation between eight eye-movement measures and three attention-related skills observed from a number cancellation task. The current study might offer some perspectives on the understanding of normative data of eye movements during RAN in Chinese school-aged children, as well as the applications (e.g., developmental dyslexia) associated with RAN.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2022.1051432","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,29]],"date-time":"2022-11-29T08:50:06Z","timestamp":1669711806000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Features of eye movements during rapid automatized naming in Chinese children aged 7\u201311 years"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Hongan","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fulin","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuhong","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dongchuan","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4073\/csr.2017.14","article-title":"Preschool predictors of later reading comprehension ability: a systematic review","volume":"13","author":"Hjetland","year":"2017","journal-title":"Campbell Syst Rev"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1017\/S0142716499002076","article-title":"Processing speed, exposure to print, and naming speed","volume":"20","author":"Kail","year":"1999","journal-title":"Appl Psycholinguist"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1080\/10888431003724070","article-title":"Visual processing deficits in children with slow RAN performance","volume":"14","author":"Stainthorp","year":"2010","journal-title":"Sci Stud Read"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2012.10.015","article-title":"Why is rapid automatized naming related to reading?","volume":"115","author":"Georgiou","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Exp Child Psychol"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01026919","article-title":"Theoretical links among naming speed, precise timing mechanisms and orthographic skill in dyslexia","volume":"5","author":"Bowers","year":"1993","journal-title":"Read Writ"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lindif.2013.03.009","article-title":"Cognitive predictors of rapid picture naming","volume":"25","author":"Decker","year":"2013","journal-title":"Learn Individ Differ"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1080\/10888438.2013.862249","article-title":"Deficits in orthographic knowledge in children poor at rapid automatized naming (RAN) tasks?","volume":"18","author":"Powell","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sci Stud Read"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1177\/002221940003300407","article-title":"A clinical rationale for assessing rapid automatized naming in children with language disorders","volume":"33","author":"Wiig","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Learn Disabil"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1097\/WNO.0000000000000726","article-title":"History and future directions of vision testing in head trauma","volume":"39","author":"Akhand","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Neuroophthalmol"},{"key":"B10","volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.)","year":"2013"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1080\/10888438.2020.1867863","article-title":"What underlies the deficit in rapid automatized naming (RAN) in adults with dyslexia? 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