{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,17]],"date-time":"2025-11-17T08:19:55Z","timestamp":1763367595181,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,27]],"date-time":"2023-02-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677456000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81771626 and 81971423"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81771626 and 81971423"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010854","name":"Jiangsu Provincial Health and Family Planning Commission Medical Research Project","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ZD2021013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZD2021013"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010854","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pediatr."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>We aimed to use molecular biomarkers and clinical data and echocardiograms that were collected during admission to predict bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in preterm infants with gestational age \u226432 weeks.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Eighty-two patients (40 with BPD, BPD group and 42 healthy as controls, non-BPD group) admitted to the Department of Neonatology of the Children's Hospital of Soochow University between October 1, 2018, and February 29, 2020, were enrolled in this study at the tertiary hospital. Basic clinical data on the perinatal period, echocardiographic measurements, and molecular biomarkers (N-terminal-pro-B-brain natriuretic peptide, NT-proBNP) were collected. We used multiple logistic regression analysis to establish an early predictive model for detecting BPD development in preterm infants of gestational age \u226432 weeks. We also used a receiver operating characteristic curve to assess the sensitivity and speci\ufb01city of the model.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>No significant differences were found between the BPD and non-BPD groups in terms of sex, birth weight, gestational age, incidence of asphyxia, maternal age, gravidity, parity, mode of delivery, premature rupture of membranes &amp;gt;18\u2005h, use of prenatal hormones, placental abruption, gestational diabetes mellitus, amniotic fluid contamination, prenatal infections, and maternal diseases. The use of caffeine, albumin, gamma globulin; ventilation; days of FiO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2009\u2265\u200940%; oxygen inhalation time; red blood cell suspension infusion volume (ml\/kg); and proportion of infants who received total enteral nutrition (120\u2005kcal\/kg.d) \u226524 d after birth were higher in the BPD group than in the non-BPD group. The levels of hemoglobin, hematocrit, and albumin in the BPD group were significantly lower than those in the non-BPD group. The total calorie intake was significantly lower in the BPD group on the 3rd, 7th, and 14th day after birth than in the non-BPD group (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.05). The incidence rates of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), pulmonary hypertension, and tricuspid regurgitation were significantly higher in the BPD group than in the non-BPD group (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.05). The serum level of NT-proBNP 24\u2005h after birth was significantly higher in the BPD group than in the non-BPD group (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.05). Serum NT-proBNP levels were significantly higher in infants with severe BPD than in those with mild or moderate BPD (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.05).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>As there were various risk factors for BPD, a combining clinical data, molecular biomarkers, and echocardiogram measurements can be valuable in predicting the BPD. The tricuspid regurgitation flow rate (m\/s), NT-proBNP (pg\/ml), ventilator-associated pneumonia, days of FiO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2009\u2265\u200940% (d), red blood cell suspension infusion volume (ml\/kg), and proportion of infants who received total enteral nutrition (120\u2005kcal\/kg.d) \u226524\u2005d after birth were the most practical factors considered for designing an appropriate model for predicting the risk of BPD.\n<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2022.1070858","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,27]],"date-time":"2023-02-27T05:35:02Z","timestamp":1677476102000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Predictive values of clinical data,molecular biomarkers, and echocardiographic measurements in preterm infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Huawei","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dongya","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhixin","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haifeng","family":"Geng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xueping","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaoli","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2006.09.014","article-title":"NICHD Neonatal research network. 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