{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]],"date-time":"2026-02-28T03:35:18Z","timestamp":1772249718414,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,17]],"date-time":"2022-03-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1647475200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007305","name":"Maternal and Child Health Bureau","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007305","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pediatr."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To describe medication management of children diagnosed with anxiety and\/or depression by primary care providers within a primary care network.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Design\/Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We performed a retrospective cross-sectional analysis of electronic health record (EHR) structured data from all children seen at least twice in a 4-year observation period within a network of primary care clinics in Northern California. For children who had visit diagnoses of anxiety, depression, anxiety+depression or symptoms characteristic of these conditions, we analyzed the rates and types of medications prescribed. A logistic regression model considered patient variables for the combined sample.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Of all patients 6\u201318 years old (\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 59,484), 4.4% (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 2,635) had a diagnosis of anxiety only, 2.4% (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 1,433) depression only, and 1.2% (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 737) both anxiety and depression (anxiety + depression); 18% of children with anxiety and\/or depression had comorbid ADHD. A total of 15.0% with anxiety only (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 357), 20.5% with depression only (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 285), and 47.4% with anxiety+depression (n=343) were prescribed a psychoactive non-stimulant medication. For anxiety and depression only, the top three medications prescribed were sertraline, fluoxetine, and citalopram. For anxiety + depression, the top three medications prescribed were citalopram, sertraline, and escitalopram. Frequently prescribed medications also included benzodiazepines. Logistic regression modeling showed that the depression only and anxety + depression categories had increased likelihood of medication prescription. Older age and mental health comorbidities were independently associated with increased likelihood of medication prescription.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this network, ~8% of children carried a diagnosis of anxiety and\/or depression. Medication choices generally aligned with current recommendations with the exception of use of benzodiazepines.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2022.794722","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,17]],"date-time":"2022-03-17T03:22:36Z","timestamp":1647487356000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Medication Management of Anxiety and Depression by Primary Care Pediatrics Providers: A Retrospective Electronic Health Record Study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Talia R.","family":"Lester","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yair","family":"Bannett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rebecca M.","family":"Gardner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Heidi M.","family":"Feldman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lynne C.","family":"Huffman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2018.5399","article-title":"US National and state-level prevalence of mental health disorders and disparities of mental health care use in children","volume":"173","author":"Whitney","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2015.08.005","article-title":"Integrating children's mental health into primary care","volume":"63","author":"Wissow","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pediatr Clin N Am."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2018.09.021","article-title":"Prevalence and treatment of depression, anxiety, and conduct problems in US children","volume":"206","author":"Ghandour","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2014.12.004","article-title":"Cognitive-behavioral therapy for child anxiety confers long-term protection from suicidality","volume":"54","author":"Wolk","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1174","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2007.01812.x","article-title":"What do childhood anxiety disorders predict?","volume":"48","author":"Bittner","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Child Psychol Psychiatry."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psc.2009.06.002","article-title":"Anxiety and anxiety disorders in children and adolescents: developmental issues and implications for DSM-V","volume":"32","author":"Beesdo","year":"2009","journal-title":"Psychiatr Clin N Am."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1097\/DBP.0000000000000571","article-title":"Epidemiology and impact of health care provider-diagnosed anxiety and depression among US children","volume":"39","author":"Bitsko","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Dev Behav Pediatr JDBP."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1097\/MOP.0000000000000916","article-title":"Adolescent suicide: what can pediatricians do?","volume":"32","author":"Breslin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr Opin Pediatr."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.52324\/001c.7997","article-title":"Han Y. 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