{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T02:28:24Z","timestamp":1793500104347,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,12]],"date-time":"2022-04-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1649721600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pediatr."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>We investigated the association between cerebral tissue oxygen saturation (cStO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>) measured by near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and cerebral lesions including intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) and periventricular leukomalacia (PVL).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Preterm infants &amp;lt;1,500 g received continuous cStO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> monitoring, initiated at the earliest time possible and recorded until 72 h of life. Mean cStO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> over periods of 5, 15, 30 min and 1 h were calculated. To calculate the burden of cerebral hypoxia, we defined a moving threshold based on the 10th percentile of cStO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> of healthy study participants and calculated the area under the threshold (AUT). cStO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> &amp;lt;60% for &amp;gt;5 min was regarded a critical event. The study was registered on clinicaltrials.gov (ID NCT01430728, URL: <jats:ext-link>https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT01430728?id=NCT01430728&amp;amp;draw=2&amp;amp;rank=1<\/jats:ext-link>).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of 162 infants (gestational age: mean 27.2 weeks, standard deviation 20 days; birth weight: mean 852 g, standard deviation 312 g) recorded, 24\/12 (14.8%\/7.4) developed any\/severe IVH\/PVL. Mean cStO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> was significantly lower in infants with IVH\/PVL as well as severe IVH\/PVL. In addition, we observed critical events defined by mean cStO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> over 5 min &amp;lt;60% in four infants with severe IVH\/PVL during NIRS monitoring. AUT showed no statistically significant difference between outcome groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>These findings suggest that cStO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> is lower in infants developing IVH\/PVL. This may be related to lower oxygenation and\/or perfusion and implies that cStO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> could potentially serve as an indicator of imminent cerebral lesions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2022.809248","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,12]],"date-time":"2022-04-12T08:42:53Z","timestamp":1649752973000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Cerebral Oxygenation in Preterm Infants Developing Cerebral Lesions"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Angelika L.","family":"Schwab","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin","family":"Mayer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dirk","family":"Bassler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helmut D.","family":"Hummler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hans W.","family":"Fuchs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manuel B.","family":"Bryant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2013-0372","article-title":"Intraventricular hemorrhage and neurodevelopmental outcomes in extreme preterm infants","volume":"133","author":"Bolisetty","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pediatrics."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1177\/0883073815604229","article-title":"The effects of the severity of periventricular leukomalacia on the neuropsychological outcomes of preterm children","volume":"31","author":"Choi","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Child Neurol."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2013.04.006","article-title":"Neurodevelopmental outcomes of children with periventricular leukomalacia","volume":"54","author":"Imamura","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pediatr Neonatol."},{"key":"B4","unstructured":"Qualit\u00e4tsreport 2015"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-1-4160-3995-2.10011-1","article-title":"Intracranial hemorrhage: germinal matrix-intraventricular hemorrhage of the premature infant","volume-title":"Neurology of the Newborn","author":"Volpe","year":"2008"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0035-1554102","article-title":"Progress in neonatal neurology with a focus on neuroimaging in the preterm infant","volume":"46","author":"de Vries","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuropediatrics."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2017.00064","article-title":"Cerebral autoregulation, brain injury, and the transitioning premature infant","volume":"5","author":"Vesoulis","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Pediatr."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.75.2.217","article-title":"Noninvasive monitoring of cerebral oxygenation in preterm infants: preliminary observations","volume":"75","author":"Brazy","year":"1985","journal-title":"Pediatrics."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1264","DOI":"10.1126\/science.929199","article-title":"Noninvasive, infrared monitoring of cerebral and myocardial oxygen sufficiency and circulatory parameters","volume":"198","author":"J\u00f6bsis","year":"1977","journal-title":"Science."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2018.02.065","article-title":"The Neu-Prem trial: neuromonitoring of brains of infants born preterm during resuscitation - 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