{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T22:43:22Z","timestamp":1790635402804,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,4]],"date-time":"2022-03-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646352000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008989","name":"Sociedade Portuguesa de Pediatria","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008989","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pediatr."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There are several concerns associated with gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) treatment for central precocious puberty (CPP), such as obesity and changes in body mass index (BMI). We aimed to investigate whether any anthropometric differences exist and if they persist over time.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted an observational study of Portuguese children (both sexes) diagnosed with CPP between January 2000 and December 2017, using a digital platform, in order to analyze the influence of GnRHa treatment on BMI-SD score (BMI-SDS).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Of the 241 patients diagnosed with CPP, we assessed 92 patients (8% boys) in this study. At baseline, 39% of the patients were overweight. BMI-SDS increased with treatment for girls but then diminished 1 year after stopping GnRHa therapy (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.018). BMI-SDS variation at the end of treatment was negatively correlated with BMI-SDS at baseline (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &amp;lt; 0.001). Boys grew taller and faster during treatment than did girls (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &amp;lt; 0.001), and therefore, their BMI-SDS trajectory might be different.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study showed an increase of body weight gain during GnRHa treatment only in girls, which reversed just 1 year after stopping treatment. The overall gain in BMI-SDS with treatment is associated with baseline BMI-SDS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2022.816635","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,4]],"date-time":"2022-03-04T05:38:32Z","timestamp":1646372312000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Do GnRH Agonists Really Increase Body Weight Gain? Evaluation of a Multicentric Portuguese Cohort of Patients With Central Precocious Puberty"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Ana Lu\u00edsa","family":"Leite","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisa","family":"Galo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Antunes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Br\u00edgida","family":"Robalo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniela","family":"Amaral","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Filipa","family":"Espada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sofia","family":"Castro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Sim\u00f5es Dias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catarina","family":"Limbert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(15)00380-0","article-title":"Causes, diagnosis, and treatment of central precocious puberty","volume":"4","author":"Latronico","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1080\/17446651.2019.1575726","article-title":"Update on central precocious puberty: from etiologies to outcomes","volume":"14","author":"Cantas-Orsdemir","year":"2019","journal-title":"Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2015665","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.15665","article-title":"Trends in the incidence of central precocious puberty and normal variant puberty among children in Denmark, 1998 to 2017","volume":"3","author":"Br\u00e4uner","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3073","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-021-04022-1","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of precocious sexual maturation: an updated review","volume":"180","author":"Cheuiche","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101262","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beem.2019.01.003","article-title":"Central precocious puberty, functional and tumor-related","volume":"33","author":"Soriano-Guill\u00e9n","year":"2019","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1186\/1687-9856-2011-7","article-title":"Efficacy of leuprolide acetate 1-month depot for central precocious puberty (CPP): growth outcomes during a prospective, longitudinal study","volume":"2011","author":"Lee","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Endocrinol."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1159\/000491103","article-title":"Toward more targeted and cost-effective gonadotropin-releasing hormone analog treatment in girls with central precocious puberty","volume":"90","author":"Kaplowitz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Horm Res Paediatr."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1159\/000320039","article-title":"Changes in bone mineral density and body composition in children with central precocious puberty and early puberty before and after one year of treatment with GnRH agonist","volume":"75","author":"Ko","year":"2011","journal-title":"Horm Res Paediatr."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.6065\/apem.2017.22.1.27","article-title":"Change in body mass index and insulin resistance after 1-year treatment with gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists in girls with central precocious puberty","volume":"22","author":"Park","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Pediatr Endocrinol Metab."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1065","DOI":"10.1515\/jpem-2019-0105","article-title":"Changes in body mass index in children on gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist therapy with precocious puberty, early puberty or short stature","volume":"32","author":"Censani","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1159\/000448552","article-title":"Changes in body mass index in girls with idiopathic central precocious puberty under gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogue therapy: the spanish registry","volume":"86","author":"Corripio","year":"2016","journal-title":"Horm Res Paediatr."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.6065\/apem.2017.22.2.95","article-title":"The influence of gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist treatment on the body weight and body mass index in girls with idiopathic precocious puberty and early puberty","volume":"22","author":"Kim","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Pediatr Endocrinol Metab."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.6065\/apem.2017.22.4.259","article-title":"Treatment outcomes of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist in obese girls with central precocious puberty","volume":"22","author":"Kim","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Pediatr Endocrinol Metab."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1186\/s13633-016-0033-7","article-title":"Body mass index in girls with idiopathic central precocious puberty during and after treatment with GnRH analogues","volume":"2016","author":"Arcari","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Endocrinol."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.4068\/cmj.2012.48.1.27","article-title":"Effects of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist therapy on body mass index and height in girls with central precocious puberty","volume":"48","author":"Lee","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chonnam Med J."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.4103\/2230-8210.131770","article-title":"Effect of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist therapy on body mass index and growth in girls with idiopathic central precocious puberty","volume":"19","author":"Anik","year":"2015","journal-title":"Indian J Endocrinol Metab."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1159\/000346145","article-title":"Treatment with gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogues: different impact on body weight in normal-weight and overweight children","volume":"78","author":"Wolters","year":"2012","journal-title":"Horm Res Paediatr."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e23085","DOI":"10.5812\/ijem.23085v2","article-title":"Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist therapy and obesity in girls","volume":"13","author":"Shiasi Arani","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1515\/jpem-2019-0214","article-title":"Long-term effects of GnRH agonist treatment on body mass index in girls with idiopathic central precocious puberty","volume":"33","author":"Vuralli","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.3345\/kjp.2017.60.12.395","article-title":"The influence of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists on anthropometric change in girls with central precocious puberty","volume":"60","author":"Yoon","year":"2017","journal-title":"Korean J Pediatr."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.6065\/apem.1938176.088","article-title":"Changes in body mass index in boys with central precocious puberty over 2 years of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist therapy","volume":"25","author":"Lim","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann Pediatr Endocrinol Metab."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(95)70255-5","article-title":"Spontaneous serum gonadotropin concentrations in the evaluation of precocious puberty","volume":"127","author":"Neely","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Pediatr."},{"key":"B23","unstructured":"Anthro for personal computers, version 3.2.2, 2011: Software for assessing growth and development of the world's children.WHO2010"},{"key":"B24","first-page":"542","article-title":"Chapter 16: Puberty in the female and its disorders","author":"Rosenfield","year":"2021"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1097\/MED.0b013e328320d54c","article-title":"Effect of puberty on body composition","volume":"16","author":"Loomba-Albrecht","year":"2009","journal-title":"Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E543","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.1998.275.3.E543","article-title":"Gender differences in leptin levels during puberty are related to the subcutaneous fat depot and sex steroids","volume":"275","author":"Roemmich","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Physiol."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Pediatrics"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fped.2022.816635\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,4]],"date-time":"2022-03-04T05:38:35Z","timestamp":1646372315000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fped.2022.816635\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,4]]},"references-count":26,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fped.2022.816635"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fped.2022.816635","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-2360"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-2360","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,4]]},"article-number":"816635"}}