{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T20:06:42Z","timestamp":1791576402404,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,3]],"date-time":"2022-03-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646265600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pediatr."],"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Mycoplasma pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>-induced rash and mucositis (MIRM) is a rare disease, which has not been reported in northern China previously. We retrospectively analyzed the clinical characteristics, diagnosis and treatment of 10 cases of MIRM in order to help clinicians to identify MIRM and to distinguish it from the similar mucositis and cutaneous characteristics of Stevens-Johnson syndrome. All 10 children included in the study had MIRM with skin and mucosal symptoms, but the characteristics of the skin and mucosal lesions differed by age. Most of the older children had sparse erythema and a vesicular rash, but the younger children had dense erythema without blisters but with purulent exudation. The mucositis was relatively mild in the younger children. The erythrocyte sedimentation rate, the levels of C-reactive protein, lactate dehydrogenase, and D-dimer were significantly elevated in most children with MIRM. Concomitant treatment of glucocorticoids and\/or IVIG with macrolides may shorten the duration of fever and accelerate the clinical recovery. Additional case reports are needed to improve knowledge of the characteristics of MIRM and its response to therapy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2022.823376","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,3]],"date-time":"2022-03-03T07:15:17Z","timestamp":1646291717000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Case Report and Literature Review: Clinical Characteristics of 10 Children With Mycoplasma pneumoniae-Induced Rash and Mucositis"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Ning","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miao","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e192","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268819000839","article-title":"The epidemiology of paediatric Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumoniae in North China: 2006 to 2016","volume":"147","author":"Gao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1007\/s10156-010-0044-X","article-title":"Pathogenesis of extrapulmonary manifestations of mycoplasma pneumoniae infection with special reference to pneumoniae","volume":"16","author":"Narita","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Infect Chemother."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2016.00023","article-title":"Classification of Extrapulmonary Manifestations Due to Mycoplasma pneumoniae Infection on the Basis of Possible Pathogenesis","volume":"7","author":"Narita","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front Microbiol."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1097\/BOR.0000000000000494","article-title":"Extra-pulmonary diseases related to Mycoplasma pneumoniae in children: recent insights into the pathogenesis","volume":"30","author":"Poddighe","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr Opin Rheumatol."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2014.06.026","article-title":"Mycoplasma pneumoniae- induced rash and mucositis as a syndrome distinct from Stevens-Johnson syndrome and erythema multiforme: a systematic review","volume":"72","author":"Canavan","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2019.3602","article-title":"Frequency and Clinical Presentation of Mucocutaneous Disease Due to Mycoplasma pneumoniae Infection in Children With Community-Acquired Pneumoniae","volume":"156","author":"Meyer Sauteur","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Dermatol."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.07.044","article-title":"Mycoplasma pneumoniae-induced Stevens-Johnson syndrome without skin lesions: fact or fiction?","volume":"52","author":"Schalock","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"bcr2017220768","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2017-220768","article-title":"Mycoplasma pneumoniae- induced rash and mucositis: a recently described entity","volume":"2017","author":"Santos","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMJ Case Rep"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.1177\/1203475419874444","article-title":"Treatment of Mycoplasma pneumoniae-Induced Rash and Mucositis With Cyclosporine","volume":"23","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Cutan Med Surg."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"bcr2017220749","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2017-220749","article-title":"Mycoplasma pneumoniae-induced rash and mucositis (MIRM): an unusual mild skin rash associated with severe mucosal involvement","volume":"2017","author":"Poddighe","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMJ Case Rep"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1283","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdcr.2020.09.029","article-title":"Theiler M. 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