{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T19:07:30Z","timestamp":1791313650430,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,12]],"date-time":"2022-04-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1649721600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pediatr."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of Tocilizumab and Abatacept for treating Childhood Chronic non-infectious Uveitis (CCU), resistant to anti-tumor necrosis factor (anti-TNF) treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This is a monocentric retrospective charts review study (January 2010\u2013April 2021) recruiting CCU, refractory to anti-TNF. To be included, children should have active uveitis at the time of Tocilizumab (8 mg\/kg, every 4 weeks) or Abatacept (10 mg\/kg, every 4 weeks). The main outcome was the achievement of ocular remission on treatment defined as the absence of flares for \u2265 6 months.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In this study, 18 patients with CCU (14 F), previously treated with Methotrexate and Adalimumab, were enrolled: 15 had juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) (83.3%), 2 idiopathic (11.1%), and 1 Beh\u00e7et (5.6%). Furthermore, ten patients received Abatacept and 8 patients received Tocilizumab. The mean duration of treatment on Abatacept was 31.6 months (SD \u00b1 30.8), on Tocilizumab 25.25 months (SD \u00b1 17.8). In total, 13 children (72.2%) achieved remission, with a better remission rate for the Tocilizumab group (8\/8) compared to the Abatacept group (5\/10) (\u03c7\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      5.53,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.019). No difference was evaluated between the two groups in the proportion of patients who showed flares during the treatment (2\/6 Abatacept vs. 1\/8 Tocilizumab). A significant difference was evaluated in the proportion of patients who flared after treatment discontinuation: 3\/3 Abatacept vs. 0\/3 Tocilizumab (\u03c7\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      3.8,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.025).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Even though this is a monocentric retrospective study, in a relatively small group, our study suggests a superior efficacy of Tocilizumab over Abatacept for treating anti-TNF refractory CCU.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2022.851453","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,12]],"date-time":"2022-04-12T04:43:33Z","timestamp":1649738613000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Tocilizumab and Abatacept for the Treatment of Childhood Chronic Uveitis: A Monocentric Comparison Experience"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Ilaria","family":"Maccora","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Abu Rumeileh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Franco","family":"Curci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cinzia","family":"de Libero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edoardo","family":"Marrani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Vincenza","family":"Mastrolia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ilaria","family":"Pagnini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriele","family":"Simonini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1097\/BOR.0000000000000723","article-title":"Update on noninfectious uveitis in children and its treatment","volume":"32","author":"Maccora","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr Opin Rheumatol."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1186\/s12969-018-0266-5","article-title":"Outcomes of non-infectious Paediatric uveitis in the era of biologic therapy","volume":"16","author":"Cann","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pediatr Rheumatol Online J."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1076\/ocii.8.4.251.6459","article-title":"Uveitis in children","volume":"8","author":"Cunningham","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ocul Immunol Inflamm."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2004.050609","article-title":"Uveitis in children and adolescents","volume":"89","author":"BenEzra","year":"2005","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e160","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.14535","article-title":"Prevalence, incidence and epidemiology of childhood uveitis","volume":"99","author":"Siiskonen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta ophthalmologica."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1637","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1614160","article-title":"Adalimumab plus methotrexate for uveitis in juvenile idiopathic arthritis","volume":"376","author":"Ramanan","year":"2017","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2017-212089","article-title":"ADJUVITE: a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial of adalimumab in early onset, chronic, juvenile idiopathic arthritis-associated anterior uveitis","volume":"77","author":"Quartier","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keaa595","article-title":"Changing evidence over time: updated meta-analysis regarding anti-TNF efficacy in childhood chronic uveitis","volume":"60","author":"Maccora","year":"2021","journal-title":"Rheumatology."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2015.05.006","article-title":"Non-anti-TNF biologic modifier drugs in non-infectious refractory chronic uveitis: the current evidence from a systematic review","volume":"45","author":"Simonini","year":"2015","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1107","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2018-213131","article-title":"Consensus-based recommendations for the management of uveitis associated with juvenile idiopathic arthritis: the SHARE initiative","volume":"77","author":"Constantin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.23871","article-title":"2019 American College of Rheumatology\/Arthritis Foundation Guideline for the screening, monitoring, and treatment of juvenile idiopathic arthritis-associated uveitis","volume":"71","author":"Angeles-Han","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-019-04763-3","article-title":"Treating juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA)-related uveitis beyond TNF-\u03b1 inhibition: a narrative review","volume":"39","author":"Gaggiano","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1002\/art.39940","article-title":"Anti-interleukin-6 receptor tocilizumab for severe juvenile idiopathic arthritis-associated uveitis refractory to anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy: a multicenter study of twenty-five patients","volume":"69","author":"Calvo-R\u00edo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpt.12821","article-title":"Tocilizumab for refractory uveitis associated with juvenile idiopathic arthritis: a report of two cases","volume":"44","author":"Dipasquale","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clin Pharm Ther."},{"key":"B15","first-page":"151","article-title":"Tocilizumab in refractory juvenile idiopathic arthritis with associated uveitis: a case report","volume":"44","author":"Sousa-Neves","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Reumatol Port."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2183","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.160231","article-title":"Evidence for tocilizumab as a treatment option in refractory uveitis associated with juvenile idiopathic arthritis","volume":"43","author":"Tappeiner","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Rheumatol."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1080\/09273948.2020.1712431","article-title":"Tocilizumab as an effective treatment option in children with refractory intermediate and panuveitis","volume":"29","author":"Wennink","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ocul Immunol Inflamm."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2068","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.151389","article-title":"Comparable efficacy of Abatacept used as first-line or second-line biological agent for severe juvenile idiopathic arthritis-related uveitis","volume":"43","author":"Birolo","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Rheumatol."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1813","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-015-3140-x","article-title":"Long-term efficacy of Abatacept in pediatric patients with idiopathic uveitis: a case series","volume":"253","author":"Marrani","year":"2015","journal-title":"Graefe's Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.140410","article-title":"Abatacept in the treatment of severe, longstanding, and refractory uveitis associated with juvenile idiopathic arthritis","volume":"42","author":"Tappeiner","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Rheumatol."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.20115","article-title":"Abatacept for severe anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha refractory juvenile idiopathic arthritis-related uveitis","volume":"62","author":"Zulian","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e135","DOI":"10.1016\/S2665-9913(20)30008-4","article-title":"Tocilizumab in patients with anti-TNF refractory juvenile idiopathic arthritis-associated uveitis (APTITUDE): a multicentre, single-arm, phase 2 trial","volume":"2","author":"Ramanan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Rheumatol."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2005.03.057","article-title":"Standardization of uveitis nomenclature for reporting clinical data","volume":"140","author":"Jabs","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1236","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.05-0981","article-title":"Visual acuities \u201chand motion\u201d and \u201ccounting fingers\u201d can be quantified with the freiburg visual acuity test","volume":"47","author":"Schulze-Bonsel","year":"2006","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.2165\/00002018-199410020-00001","article-title":"Harmonisation in pharmacovigilance","volume":"10","author":"Edwards","year":"1994","journal-title":"Drug safety."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1186\/s12969-019-0345-2","article-title":"Proposal for a definition for response to treatment, inactive disease and damage for JIA associated uveitis based on the validation of a uveitis related JIA outcome measures from the Multinational Interdisciplinary Working Group for Uveitis in Childhood (MIWGUC)","volume":"17","author":"Foeldvari","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pediatr Rheumatol Online J."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1080\/09273948.2020.1859257","article-title":"Tocilizumab for the treatment of ocular inflammatory disease","volume":"29","author":"Cunningham","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ocul Immunol Inflamm."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.160908","article-title":"Subcutaneous tocilizumab may be less effective than intravenous tocilizumab in the treatment of juvenile idiopathic arthritis-associated uveitis","volume":"44","author":"Quesada-Masachs","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Rheumatol."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Pediatrics"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fped.2022.851453\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,12]],"date-time":"2022-04-12T04:43:36Z","timestamp":1649738616000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fped.2022.851453\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,12]]},"references-count":28,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fped.2022.851453"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fped.2022.851453","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-2360"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-2360","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,12]]},"article-number":"851453"}}