{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T16:24:12Z","timestamp":1787761452802,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,15]],"date-time":"2022-03-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1647302400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004488","name":"Hrvatska Zaklada za Znanost","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004488","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pediatr."],"abstract":"<jats:p>What are the challenges ahead and how have we responded so far when it comes to the non-granulomatous systemic vasculitis, characterized mainly by deposits of IgA immune complexes in the endothelium of small blood vessels\u2014IgA vasculitis (IgAV)? That is the question to which we tried to answer. We summarized existing knowledge about epidemiology, pathogenesis, genetics, diagnostic tests and therapy in this somewhat neglected entity in pediatric rheumatology. Since etiopathogenesis of IgA vasculitis is complex, with factors other than galactose-deficient IgA<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>-containing immune complexes also being important, and may involve numerous interactions between environmental and genetic factors, genomics alone cannot explain the entirety of the risk for the disease. The incidence of IgAV and nephritis varies worldwide and may be a consequence of overlapping genetic and environmental factors. In addition to the role of the HLA class II genes, some studies have pointed to the importance of non-HLA genes, and modern geostatistical research has also indicated a geospatial risk distribution, which may suggest the strong influence of different environmental factors such as climate, pathogen load, and dietary factors. The application of modern geostatistical methods until recently was completely unknown in the study of this disease, but thanks to the latest results it has been shown that they can help us a lot in understanding epidemiology and serve as a guide in generating new hypotheses considering possible environmental risk factors and identification of potential genetic or epigenetic diversity. There is increasing evidence that an integrative approach should be included in the understanding of IgA vasculitis, in terms of the integration of genomics, proteomics, transcriptomics, and epigenetics. This approach could result in the discovery of new pathways important for finding biomarkers that could stratify patients according to the risk of complications, without an invasive kidney biopsy which is still the gold standard to confirm a diagnosis of nephritis, even if biopsy findings interpretation is not uniform in clinical practice. Ultimately, this will allow the development of new therapeutic approaches, especially important in the treatment of nephritis, for which there is still no standardized treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2022.853724","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,15]],"date-time":"2022-03-15T09:10:44Z","timestamp":1647335444000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["New Insights and Challenges Associated With IgA Vasculitis and IgA Vasculitis With Nephritis\u2014Is It Time to Change the Paradigm of the Most Common Systemic Vasculitis in Childhood?"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Marija","family":"Jelusic","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mario","family":"Sestan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teresa","family":"Giani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rolando","family":"Cimaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1197","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)11279-7","article-title":"Incidence of Henoch-Sch\u00f6nlein purpura, Kawasaki disease, and rare vasculitides in children of different ethnic origins","volume":"360","author":"Gardner-Medwin","year":"2002","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"798","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2009.116657","article-title":"EULAR\/PRINTO\/PRES criteria for Henoch-Schonlein purpura, childhood polyarteritis nodosa, childhood Wegener granulomatosis and childhood Takayasu arteritis: Ankara 2008 Part II: final classification criteria","volume":"69","author":"Ozen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1097\/BOR.0000000000000236","article-title":"Pediatric vasculitis","volume":"28","author":"Barut","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr Opin Rheumatol."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.2174\/1573397114666180726093731","article-title":"Vasculitis: decade in review","volume":"15","author":"Demir","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr Rheumatol Rev."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"iii95","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kez599","article-title":"Childhood vasculitis","volume":"59","author":"Ozen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1186\/s12969-019-0311-z","article-title":"Different histological classifications for Henoch-Sch\u00f6nlein purpura nephritis: which one should be used?","volume":"17","author":"Jelusic","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pediatr Rheumatol Online J."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1177","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.89.6.1177","article-title":"Pulmonary disease with hemorrhage in Henoch-Sch\u00f6enlein purpura","volume":"89","author":"Olson","year":"1992","journal-title":"Pediatrics."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1542\/pir.35.10.447","article-title":"Henoch-Schonlein purpura","volume":"35","author":"Reid-Adam","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pediatr Rev."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1111\/jpc.12403","article-title":"Henoch-Sch\u00f6nlein purpura in children","volume":"49","author":"Trnka","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Paediatr Child Health."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneph.2014.126","article-title":"Henoch-Sch\u00f6nlein purpura nephritis in children","volume":"10","author":"Davin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat Rev Nephrol."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"916","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2005.074641","article-title":"Risk of long term renal impairment and duration of follow up recommended for Henoch-Schonlein purpura with normal or minimal urinary findings: a systematic review","volume":"90","author":"Narchi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(92)91341-5","article-title":"Long-term follow-up of childhood Henoch-Sch\u00f6nlein nephritis","volume":"339","author":"Goldstein","year":"1992","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2277","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/12.11.2277","article-title":"Long-term prognosis of Henoch-Sch\u00f6nlein nephritis in adults and children. Italian Group of Renal Immunopathology Collaborative Study on Henoch-Sch\u00f6nlein purpura","volume":"12","author":"Coppo","year":"1997","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.1007\/s004670050707","article-title":"Clinical outcome of Sch\u00f6nlein-Henoch purpura nephritis in children","volume":"13","author":"Sch\u00e4rer","year":"1999","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1358","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kex158","article-title":"Incidence of IgA vasculitis in children estimated by four-source capture-recapture analysis: a population-based study","volume":"56","author":"Piram","year":"2017","journal-title":"Rheumatology."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1223","DOI":"10.1586\/1744666X.2013.850028","article-title":"Advances in our understanding of the patogenesis of Henoch-Sch\u00f6nlein purpura and the implications for improving its diagnosis","volume":"9","author":"Park","year":"2013","journal-title":"Expert Rev Clin Immunol."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e174","DOI":"10.3346\/jkms.2018.33.e174","article-title":"Ten-year nationwide population-based survey on the characteristics of children with Henoch-Sch\u00f6nlein purpura in Korea","volume":"33","author":"Shim","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Korean Med Sci."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2020-218649","article-title":"Geospatial clustering of childhood IgA vasculitis and IgA vasculitis-associated nephritis","volume":"80","author":"Sapina","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1171","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.115.018663","article-title":"Changes in the geographic patterns of heart disease mortality in the United States: 1973 to 2010","volume":"133","author":"Casper","year":"2016","journal-title":"Circulation."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.59.2.152","article-title":"The existence of geographical clusters of cases of inflammatory polyarthritis in a primary care based register","volume":"59","author":"Silman","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e000711","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2011-000711","article-title":"Feasibility study of geospatial mapping of chronic disease risk to inform public health commissioning","volume":"2","author":"Noble","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMJ Open."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2149","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-021-04987-z","article-title":"IgA vasculitis or Henoch-Sch\u00f6nlein purpura: genetics and beyond","volume":"36","author":"Jelusic","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1097\/MNH.0000000000000470","article-title":"Genes and environment in chronic kidney disease hotspots","volume":"28","author":"Friedman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1002765","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1002765","article-title":"Geographic differences in genetic susceptibility to IgA nephropathy: GWAS replication study and geospatial risk analysis","volume":"8","author":"Kiryluk","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS Genet"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1755.2001.059003823.x","article-title":"What is the difference between IgA nephropathy and Henoch-Sch\u00f6nlein purpura nephritis?","volume":"59","author":"Davin","year":"2001","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1016","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2013.04.003","article-title":"Is there a crossroad between infections, genetics, and Henoch-Sch\u00f6nlein purpura?","volume":"12","author":"Rigante","year":"2013","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2011.16","article-title":"Aberrant glycosylation of IgA1 is inherited in both pediatric IgA nephropathy and Henoch-Sch\u00f6nlein purpura nephritis","volume":"80","author":"Kiryluk","year":"2011","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1470.2008.00693.x","article-title":"Sibling cases of Henoch-Sch\u00f6nlein purpura in two families and review of literature","volume":"25","author":"Zhang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pediatr Dermatol."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2012.07.008","article-title":"Familial cases of Henoch-Sch\u00f6nlein purpura in Taiwanese Aborigines","volume":"53","author":"Chen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pediatr Neonatol"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5088","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-03915-2","article-title":"A genome-wide association study suggests the HLA class II region as the major susceptibility locus for IgA vasculitis","volume":"7","author":"L\u00f3pez-Mej\u00edas","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Rep."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2311","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-021-04955-7","article-title":"HLA-DQ and HLA-DRB1 alleles associated with Henoch-Sch\u00f6nlein purpura nephritis in Finnish pediatric population: a genome-wide association study","volume":"36","author":"Koskela","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2017.11.024","article-title":"Genetics of immunoglobulin-A vasculitis (Henoch-Sch\u00f6nlein purpura): an updated review","volume":"17","author":"L\u00f3pez-Mej\u00edas","year":"2018","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev."},{"key":"B33","first-page":"2367","article-title":"Interleukin 8 gene polymorphism is associated with increased risk of nephritis in cutaneous vasculitis","volume":"29","author":"Amoli","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Rheumatol."},{"key":"B34","first-page":"1404","article-title":"Interleukin 1 receptor antagonist gene polymorphism is associated with severe renal involvement renal sequelae in Henoch-Sch\u00f6nlein purpura","volume":"29","author":"Amoli","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Rheumatol."},{"key":"B35","first-page":"323","article-title":"Vasculitis in familial mediterranean fever","volume":"24","author":"Ozdogan","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Rheumatol."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1111\/1756-185X.12072","article-title":"MEFV gene mutations in Henoch-Schonlein purpura","volume":"16","author":"Altug","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.00763","article-title":"Association of Vasculitis and Familial Mediterranean Fever","volume":"10","author":"Abbara","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2012.12.009","article-title":"Aberrant histone modifications in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with Henoch-Sch\u00f6nlein purpura","volume":"146","author":"Luo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2017-212372","article-title":"Cross-phenotype analysis of Immunochip data identifies KDM4C as a relevant locus for the development of systemic vasculitis","volume":"77","author":"Ortiz-Fern\u00e1ndez","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1246","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2017.10.009","article-title":"New insights in the pathogenesis of immunoglobulin A vasculitis (Henoch-Sch\u00f6nlein purpura)","volume":"16","author":"Heineke","year":"2017","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-021-04950-y","article-title":"IgA vasculitis with nephritis: update of pathogenesis with clinical implications","author":"Hastings","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"771619","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.771619","article-title":"Pathogenesis of IgA vasculitis: an Up-To-Date review","volume":"12","author":"Song","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Immunol."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5330","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M113.512277","article-title":"Cytokines alter IgA1 O-glycosylation by dysregulating C1GalT1 and ST6GalNAc-II enzymes","volume":"289","author":"Suzuki","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Biol Chem."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1006609","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1006609","article-title":"GWAS for serum galactose-deficient IgA1 implicates critical genes of the O-glycosylation pathway","volume":"13","author":"Kiryluk","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS Genet."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0188718","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0188718","article-title":"Biomarkers of IgA vasculitis nephritis in children","volume":"12","author":"Pillebout","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e44","DOI":"10.3928\/19382359-20201211-01","article-title":"A child with COVID-19 and immunoglobulin A vasculitis","volume":"50","author":"Hoskins","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pediatr Ann."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e239910","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2020-239910","article-title":"A child with Henoch-Schonlein purpura secondary to a COVID-19 infection","volume":"14","author":"AlGhoozi","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ Case Rep."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e93","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0000000000003001","article-title":"Purpurona: a novel report of COVID-19-related Henoch-Schonlein purpura in a child","volume":"40","author":"Jacobi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-014-2815-6","article-title":"Henoch-Sch\u00f6nlein purpura nephritis","volume":"30","author":"Pohl","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1007\/s12519-014-0534-5","article-title":"Henoch-Sch\u00f6nlein purpura nephritis in children: incidence, pathogenesis management","volume":"11","author":"Chen","year":"2015","journal-title":"World J Pediatr."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2019.00257","article-title":"Childhood IgA vasculitis (Henoch Schonlein Purpura)-advances and knowledge gaps","volume":"7","author":"Oni","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Pediatr."},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2018.00413","article-title":"Hemorrhagic bullous Henoch-Sch\u00f6nlein Purpura: case report and review of the literature","volume":"6","author":"Nothhaft","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Pediatr."},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-017-2858-3","article-title":"Blistering eruptions in childhood Henoch-Sch\u00f6nlein syndrome: systematic review of the literature","volume":"176","author":"Ramelli","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr."},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000516765","article-title":"Persistence and severity of cutaneous manifestations in IgA vasculitis is associated with development of IgA vasculitis nephritis in children","author":"Sestan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Dermatology"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1707","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-019-04460-1","article-title":"The clinical spectrum of Henoch-Sch\u00f6nlein purpura in children: a single-center study","volume":"38","author":"Karada\u011f","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol."},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0167346","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0167346","article-title":"Risk factors associated with renal involvement in childhood Henoch-Sch\u00f6nlein Purpura: a meta-analysis","volume":"11","author":"Chan","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One."},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-002-0922-z","article-title":"Risk factors of renal involvement significant proteinuria in Henoch-Sch\u00f6nlein purpura","volume":"161","author":"Sano","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr."},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.2223\/JPED.1638","article-title":"Renal involvement in Henoch-Sch\u00f6nlein purpura: a multivariate analysis of initial prognostic factors","volume":"83","author":"de Almeida","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Pediatr (Rio J)."},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1759720X211024828","DOI":"10.1177\/1759720X211024828","article-title":"Gastrointestinal involvement and its association with the risk for nephritis in IgA vasculitis","volume":"13","author":"Sestan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ther Adv Musculoskelet Dis."},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1357","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-015-2547-z","article-title":"Obesity increases the risk of renal involvement in children with Henoch-Sch\u00f6nlein purpura","volume":"174","author":"Zhao","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr."},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e12520","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000012520","article-title":"Risk factors for renal involvement and severe kidney disease in 2731 Chinese children with Henoch-Sch\u00f6nlein purpura: a retrospective study","volume":"97","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)."},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-004-0452-2","article-title":"Predictive factors of renal involvement or relapsing disease in children with Henoch-Sch\u00f6nlein purpura","volume":"25","author":"Rigante","year":"2005","journal-title":"Rheumatol Int."},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.6078.11","article-title":"Prognosis of Henoch-Sch\u00f6nlein nephritis in children","volume":"2","author":"Counahan","year":"1977","journal-title":"Br Med J."},{"key":"B64","first-page":"423","article-title":"IgA nephropathy Henoch-Sch\u00f6nlein purpura nephritis","volume-title":"Heptinstall's Pathology of the Kidney","author":"Haas","year":"2007"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1014","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2017.02.003","article-title":"Oxford classification of IgA nephropathy 2016: an update from the IgA Nephropathy Classification Working Group","volume":"91","author":"Trimarchi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1093\/ckj\/sfaa129","article-title":"Evaluation of the Oxford classification in immunoglobulin A vasculitis with nephritis: a cohort study and meta-analysis","volume":"14","author":"Yu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Kidney J."},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1201","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-017-3608-5","article-title":"The ISKDC classification and a new semiquantitative classification for predicting outcomes of Henoch-Sch\u00f6nlein purpura nephritis","volume":"32","author":"Koskela","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol."},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"180605","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/180605","article-title":"Current status advances in quantitative proteomic mass spectrometry","volume":"2013","author":"Wasinger","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Proteomics."},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2734","DOI":"10.1021\/pr2003038","article-title":"A comprehensive map of the human urinary proteome","volume":"10","author":"Marimuthu","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Proteome Res."},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-017-3597-4","article-title":"Vasculitis update: pathogenesis and biomarkers","volume":"33","author":"Brogan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol."},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3033","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-021-05107-7","article-title":"A systematic review of urine biomarkers in children with IgA vasculitis nephritis","volume":"36","author":"Williams","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol."},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1238","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2020.09.006","article-title":"Predictive biomarkers of IgA vasculitis with nephritis by metabolomic analysis","volume":"50","author":"Demir","year":"2020","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1628","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2012-202111","article-title":"Disease activity assessment in childhood vasculitis: development and preliminary validation of the Paediatric Vasculitis Activity Score (PVAS)","volume":"72","author":"Dolezalova","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis."},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1607","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kez041","article-title":"European consensus-based recommendations for diagnosis and treatment of immunoglobulin A vasculitis-the SHARE initiative","volume":"58","author":"Ozen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)."},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1186\/s12969-018-0285-2","article-title":"Rituximab treatment for chronic steroid-dependent Henoch-Schonlein purpura: 8 cases and a review of the literature","volume":"16","author":"Crayne","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pediatr Rheumatol Online J."},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"840","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2012.280","article-title":"The KDIGO practice guideline on glomerulonephritis: reading between the (guide)lines\u2013application to the individual patient","volume":"82","author":"Radhakrishnan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2117","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)30550-0","article-title":"Targeted-release budesonide versus placebo in patients with IgA nephropathy (NEFIGAN): a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled phase 2b trial","volume":"389","author":"Fellstr\u00f6m","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2089","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kew286","article-title":"Successful outcome using bortezomib in adult refractory IgA vasculitis: a case report","volume":"55","author":"Van de Perre","year":"2016","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)."},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.00504","article-title":"The emerging role of complement proteins as a target for therapy of IgA nephropathy","volume":"10","author":"Rizk","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Immunol."},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1196","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2019.12.014","article-title":"Spleen tyrosine kinase inhibition is an effective treatment for established vasculitis in a pre-clinical model","volume":"97","author":"McAdoo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1892","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.01892","article-title":"Vasculitis pathogenesis: can we talk about precision medicine?","volume":"9","author":"Ozen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Immunol."},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)09835-5","article-title":"The adult kidney 24 years after childhood Henoch-Schonlein purpura: a retrospective cohort study","volume":"360","author":"Ronkainen","year":"2002","journal-title":"Lancet."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Pediatrics"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fped.2022.853724\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,15]],"date-time":"2022-03-15T09:10:51Z","timestamp":1647335451000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fped.2022.853724\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,15]]},"references-count":82,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fped.2022.853724"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fped.2022.853724","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-2360"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-2360","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,15]]},"article-number":"853724"}}