{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,17]],"date-time":"2025-10-17T14:22:05Z","timestamp":1760710925517,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,27]],"date-time":"2022-04-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651017600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pediatr."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>The identification of gene-environment interactions allows the recognition of groups with higher risk of morbidity. This study evaluated the interaction between the presence of TLR4 gene polymorphisms and <jats:italic>Ascaris<\/jats:italic> infection with severe bronchiolitis in a tropical Colombian region.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We included all infants younger than 24 months hospitalized due to bronchiolitis in Hospital centers in the county of Rionegro, Colombia. To identify interaction between severe bronchiolitis and presence of TLR4 polymorphisms and <jats:italic>Ascaris<\/jats:italic> infection, we used log-binomial regression.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Four hundred and seventeen infants were hospitalized due to bronchiolitis, of which 115 (27%) had severe bronchiolitis. In infants with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) acute infection and positive anti-Ascaris IgE, TLR4 Asp299Gly was associated to low risk of severe bronchiolitis (OR 0.09, CI 95% 0.01\u20130.48). Conversely, in infants RSV negative with negative anti-Ascaris IgE, TLR4 Asp299Gly was associated with an increased risk of severe bronchiolitis (OR 14.5, CI 95% 2.2\u201396).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>In our population there is an interaction between the presence of severe bronchiolitis, TLR4 Asp299Gly and Ile399Thr polymorphisms, anti-Ascaris IgE levels and RSV. This association should be evaluated in other populations to elucidate its role in the pathogenesis of severe bronchiolitis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2022.876882","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,27]],"date-time":"2022-04-27T06:13:07Z","timestamp":1651039987000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["TLR4 Gene Polymorphisms Interaction With Ascaris Infection in Severe RSV Bronchiolitis"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Jefferson Antonio","family":"Buend\u00eda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Erika Fernanda","family":"Lindarte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fernando P.","family":"Polack","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1545","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)60206-1","article-title":"Global burden of acute lower respiratory infections due to respiratory syncytial virus in young children: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"375","author":"Nair","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e341","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2013-0303","article-title":"Respiratory syncytial virus-associated hospitalizations among children less than 24 months of age","volume":"132","author":"Hall","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pediatrics."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.11604\/pamj.2021.39.236.25761","article-title":"Disability-adjusted life years for acute bronchiolitis in infants in Colombia","volume":"39","author":"Buendia","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pan Afr Med J."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S454","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/13.Supplement_6.S454","article-title":"Epidemiology of acute respiratory infections in children of developing countries","volume":"13","author":"Berman","year":"1991","journal-title":"Rev Infect Dis."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1007\/s41669-020-00218-7","article-title":"Costs of respiratory syncytial virus hospitalizations in Colombia","volume":"5","author":"Buendia","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pharmacoecon Open."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1679","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-020-09796-x","article-title":"Disability-adjusted life years for respiratory syncytial virus in children under 2 years","volume":"20","author":"Villamil","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Public Health."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S112","DOI":"10.1067\/S0022-3476(03)00508-0","article-title":"Review of epidemiology and clinical risk factors for severe respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection","volume":"143","author":"Welliver","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1177\/00494755211002032","article-title":"Risk factors for severe bronchiolitis in Colombia","volume":"51","author":"Buend\u00eda","year":"2021","journal-title":"Trop Doct"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI75183","article-title":"TLR4 genotype and environmental LPS mediate RSV bronchiolitis through Th2 polarization","volume":"125","author":"Caballero","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Clin Invest."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2018.07.016","article-title":"Ascaris lumbricoides infection induces both, reduction and increase of asthma symptoms in a rural community","volume":"187","author":"Zakzuk","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Trop."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1474","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2014-2742","article-title":"Clinical practice guideline: the diagnosis, management, and prevention of bronchiolitis","volume":"134","author":"Ralston","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pediatrics."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200210-1148OC","article-title":"Type 1 and type 2 cytokine imbalance in acute respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis","volume":"168","author":"Legg","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1189","DOI":"10.1111\/cea.12513","article-title":"IgE responses to Ascaris and mite tropomyosins are risk factors for asthma","volume":"45","author":"Ahumada","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Exp Allergy."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20200675","article-title":"A mouse model of human TLR4 D299G\/T399I SNPs reveals mechanisms of altered LPS and pathogen responses","author":"Richard","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1186\/s12931-017-0701-z","article-title":"Accumulation mode particles and LPS exposure induce TLR-4 dependent and independent inflammatory responses in the lung","volume":"19","author":"Fonceca","year":"2018","journal-title":"Respir Res."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"986","DOI":"10.1136\/jim-2018-000708","article-title":"Predictors of prolonged length of hospital stay for infants with bronchiolitis","volume":"66","author":"Rodriguez-Martinez","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Investig Med."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Pediatrics"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fped.2022.876882\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,27]],"date-time":"2022-04-27T06:13:08Z","timestamp":1651039988000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fped.2022.876882\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,27]]},"references-count":16,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fped.2022.876882"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fped.2022.876882","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-2360"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2296-2360"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,27]]},"article-number":"876882"}}