{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]],"date-time":"2025-12-31T18:41:17Z","timestamp":1767206477640,"version":"build-2238731810"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,9]],"date-time":"2022-06-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654732800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pediatr."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Post-measles increased susceptibility to subsequent infections seems particularly relevant in low-resource settings. We tested the hypothesis that measles causes a specifically increased rate of infections in children, also in a high-resource setting.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a retrospective cohort study on a large measles outbreak in Berlin, Germany. All children with measles who presented to hospitals in Berlin were included as cases, children with non-infectious and children with non-measles infectious diseases as controls. Repeat visits within 3 years after the outbreak were recorded.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We included 250 cases, 502 non-infectious, and 498 infectious disease controls. The relative risk for cases for the diagnosis of an infectious disease upon a repeat visit was 1.6 (95% CI 1.4\u20132.0,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &amp;lt; 0.001) vs. non-infectious and 1.3 (95% CI 1.1\u20131.6,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.002) vs. infectious disease controls. 33 cases (27%), 35 non-infectious (12%) and 57 (18%) infectious disease controls presented more than three times due to an infectious disease (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.01, and\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.02, respectively). This results in a relative risk of more than three repeat visits due to an infection for measles cases of 1.8 (95% CI 1.3\u20132.4,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.01), and 1.4 (95% CI 1.0\u20131.9,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.04), respectively.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our study demonstrates for the first time in a high-resource setting, that increased post-measles susceptibility to subsequent infections in children is measles-specific\u2014even compared to controls with previous non-measles infections.<\/jats:p>\n                  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