{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]],"date-time":"2026-02-05T10:43:41Z","timestamp":1770288221489,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":157,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,14]],"date-time":"2022-11-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1668384000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pediatr."],"abstract":"<jats:p>The exocrine pancreas plays an important role in digestion. Understanding of the physiology and regulation of exocrine function provides insight into disease processes and basis of functional testing. Specifically, exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI) can cause maldigestion and thus a proper assessment of exocrine pancreatic function is important. There are indirect and direct methods for evaluating pancreatic function. Indirect methods are varied and include stool, serum, urine, and breath tests. Fecal elastase is a commonly used indirect test today. Direct methods involve stimulated release of pancreatic fluid that is collected from the duodenum and analyzed for enzyme activity. The most used direct test today is the endoscopic pancreatic function test. Indirect pancreatic function testing is limited in identifying cases of mild to moderate EPI, and as such in these cases, direct testing has higher sensitivity and specificity in diagnosing EPI. This review provides a comprehensive guide to indirect and direct pancreatic function tests as well as an in-depth look at exocrine pancreatic function including anatomy, physiology, and regulatory mechanisms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2022.908542","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,14]],"date-time":"2022-11-14T06:54:52Z","timestamp":1668408892000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Assessment of exocrine pancreatic function in children and adolescents with direct and indirect testing"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Puanani","family":"Hopson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yamen","family":"Smadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vijay","family":"Mehta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Samit","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Devendra","family":"Mehta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karoly","family":"Horvath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","article-title":"Pancreas","volume-title":"Schwartz principles of surgery","author":"Fisher","year":"2015"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-006-0719-8","article-title":"Islet vasculature as a regulator of endocrine pancreas function","volume":"31","author":"Ballian","year":"2007","journal-title":"World J Surg"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"G56","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.1981.240.1.C56","article-title":"Insulin action in pancreatic acini from streptozotocin-treated rats. I. Stimulation of protein synthesis","volume":"240","author":"Korc","year":"1981","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"G63","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.1981.240.1.G63","article-title":"Insulin action in pancreatic acini from streptozotocin-treated rats. II. Binding of 125I-insulin to receptors","volume":"240","author":"Sankaran","year":"1981","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0029(19970601)37:5\/6%3C384::AID-JEMT3%3E3.0.CO;2-E","article-title":"Histology of the exocrine pancreas","volume":"37","author":"Motta","year":"1997","journal-title":"Microsc Res Tech"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2016.02.027","article-title":"Centroacinar cells: at the center of pancreas regeneration","volume":"413","author":"Beer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Dev Biol"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3499","DOI":"10.2337\/db15-0153","article-title":"Centroacinar cells are progenitors that contribute to endocrine pancreas regeneration","volume":"64","author":"Delaspre","year":"2015","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1649","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI114887","article-title":"Effects of caerulein on the apical cytoskeleton of the pancreatic acinar cell","volume":"86","author":"O'Konski","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02788359","article-title":"Cholecystokinin (CCK) in the amino acid uptake and enzyme protein secretion by the pancreas in humans","volume":"17","author":"Konturek","year":"1995","journal-title":"Int J Pancreatol"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-185X.1978.tb01437.x","article-title":"Synthesis, intracellular transport and discharge of exportable proteins in the pancreatic acinar cell and other cells","volume":"53","author":"Case","year":"1978","journal-title":"Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.physiol.70.113006.100618","article-title":"Polarized calcium signaling in exocrine gland cells","volume":"70","author":"Petersen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Annu Rev Physiol"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.6092\/1590-8577\/552","article-title":"Stellate cell activation in tropical calcific pancreatitis compared to alcoholic pancreatitis, adenocarcinoma of pancreas and Normal pancreas","volume":"13","author":"Cyriac","year":"2012","journal-title":"JOP"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"694276","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2021.694276","article-title":"Activation of pancreatic stellate cells is beneficial for exocrine but not endocrine cell differentiation in the developing human pancreas","volume":"9","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Cell Dev Biol"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI30082","article-title":"The pancreatic stellate cell: a star on the rise in pancreatic diseases","volume":"117","author":"Omary","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"B15","volume-title":"The exocrine pancreas","author":"Pandol","year":"2010"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.nu.10.070190.000505","article-title":"Adaptation of the exocrine pancreas to diet","volume":"10","author":"Brannon","year":"1990","journal-title":"Annu Rev Nutr"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1203\/01.PDR.0000127430.04127.4F","article-title":"Regulation of pancreatic lipase by dietary medium chain triglycerides in the weanling rat","volume":"55","author":"Birk","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1902.sp000920","article-title":"The mechanism of pancreatic secretion","volume":"28","author":"Bayliss","year":"1902","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1982.sp014111","article-title":"Plasma secretion and pancreatic secretion in response to liver extract meal with varied pH and exogenous secretin in the dog","volume":"324","author":"Chey","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.physiol.67.031103.153247","article-title":"Mechanisms of bicarbonate secretion in the pancreatic duct","volume":"67","author":"Steward","year":"2005","journal-title":"Annu Rev Physiol"},{"key":"B21","first-page":"1","article-title":"Physiology and pathophysiology of bicarbonate secretion by pancreatic duct epithelium","volume":"74","author":"Ishiguro","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nagoya J Med Sci"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3957","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v17.i35.3957","article-title":"Update on endoscopic pancreatic function testing","volume":"17","author":"Stevens","year":"2011","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2381","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2008.181","article-title":"The endoscopic pancreatic function test","volume":"104","author":"Wu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197304192881603","article-title":"Relations between pancreatic enzyme outputs and malabsorption in severe pancreatic insufficiency","volume":"288","author":"DiMagno","year":"1973","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1097\/MOG.0b013e328349e333","article-title":"Chronic pancreatitis","volume":"27","author":"DiMagno","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr Opin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1097\/00006676-199103000-00010","article-title":"The cephalogastric phase of the pancreatic response to food in the dog","volume":"6","author":"Johnson","year":"1991","journal-title":"Pancreas"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.2170\/jjphysiol.37.671","article-title":"Effects of antral distension on pancreatic exocrine secretion in dogs: evidence for a short reflex","volume":"37","author":"Furukawa","year":"1987","journal-title":"Jpn J Physiol"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4415","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.93.9.4415","article-title":"Purification and characterization of a luminal cholecystokinin-releasing factor from rat intestinal secretion","volume":"93","author":"Spannagel","year":"1996","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1113\/expphysiol.1997.sp004061","article-title":"An investigation into the relative merits of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP-27) and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide as vagal neuro-transmitters in exocrine pancreas of rats","volume":"82","author":"Wheeler","year":"1997","journal-title":"Exp Physiol"},{"key":"B30","first-page":"105","article-title":"Neural control of the release and action of secretin","volume":"54","author":"Chey","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Physiol Pharmacol"},{"key":"B31","first-page":"892","article-title":"Effect of octreotide (SMS 201-995) on meal-stimulated pancreatic secretion in three patients with external pancreatic fistula","volume":"86","author":"Gullo","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(89)90645-8","article-title":"Effect of somatostatin on plasma amino acid uptake by human pancreas","volume":"97","author":"Gullo","year":"1989","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.18.4.259","article-title":"Immunofluorescent localisation of enterokinase in human small intestine","volume":"18","author":"Hermon-Taylor","year":"1977","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1097\/MCO.0b013e328337bbf0","article-title":"Lipid digestion and absorption in early life: an update","volume":"13","author":"Lindquist","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.3109\/00365528709078602","article-title":"The effect of neurotensin on pure pancreatic secretion in man","volume":"22","author":"Gullo","year":"1987","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.3181\/00379727-140-36384","article-title":"Feedback regulation of pancreatic enzyme secretion as a mechanism for trypsin inhibitor-induced hypersecretion in rats","volume":"140","author":"Green","year":"1972","journal-title":"Proc Soc Exp Biol Med"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"G252","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.1986.250.2.G252","article-title":"Cholecystokinin mediates feedback regulation of pancreatic enzyme secretion in rats","volume":"250","author":"Louie","year":"1986","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2362.2003.01077.x","article-title":"Inhibition of endogenous pancreatic enzyme secretion by oral pancreatic enzyme treatment","volume":"33","author":"Walkowiak","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Invest"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2982.1998.00084.x","article-title":"Independent cycles of exocrine pancreatic secretion, hormones and gastroduodenal motility in healthy fasting humans: reassessment of a complex partnership","volume":"10","author":"Dominguez-Munoz","year":"1998","journal-title":"Neurogastroenterol Motil"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1378","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(92)90779-X","article-title":"Cyclic interdigestive pancreatic exocrine secretion: is it mediated by neural or hormonal mechanisms?","volume":"102","author":"Zimmerman","year":"1992","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(84)90132-X","article-title":"Sham feeding and\u00a0pancreatic secretion. Evidence for direct vagal stimulation of enzyme output","volume":"87","author":"Anagnostides","year":"1984","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2362.1995.tb01535.x","article-title":"Gastrointestinal motor and secretory responses to cholinergic stimulation in humans. Differential modulation by muscarinic and cholecystokinin receptor blockade","volume":"25","author":"Katschinski","year":"1995","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Invest"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1097\/00006676-198910000-00009","article-title":"Role of gastrin-releasing peptide in neural control of pancreatic exocrine secretion","volume":"4","author":"Holst","year":"1989","journal-title":"Pancreas"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"G844","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.1996.270.5.G844","article-title":"Role of antrum in regulation of pancreaticobiliary secretion in humans","volume":"270","author":"Kreiss","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1144","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI111809","article-title":"Cholecystokinin bioactivity in human plasma. Molecular forms, responses to feeding, and relationship to gallbladder contraction","volume":"75","author":"Liddle","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1558","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI106373","article-title":"Pancreozymin bioassay in man based on pancreatic enzyme secretion: potency of specific amino acids and other digestive products","volume":"49","author":"Go","year":"1970","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mpa.0000183374.11919.e5","article-title":"Enteral feeding without pancreatic stimulation","volume":"31","author":"Kaushik","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pancreas"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1158","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(89)91636-3","article-title":"Differential effects of atropine and a cholecystokinin receptor antagonist on pancreatic secretion","volume":"96","author":"Adler","year":"1989","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1159\/000199739","article-title":"Effect of atropine on intestinal phase of pancreatic secretion in man","volume":"41","author":"Bozkurt","year":"1988","journal-title":"Digestion"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-0436.1992.tb00680.x","article-title":"Immunohistochemical study of secretory proteins in the developing human exocrine pancreas","volume":"51","author":"Carrere","year":"1992","journal-title":"Differentiation"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-0436.1986.tb00393.x","article-title":"Development of human\u00a0pancreas. Immunohistochemical study of fetal pancreatic secretory proteins","volume":"31","author":"Fukayama","year":"1986","journal-title":"Differentiation"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.66.4.556","article-title":"Development of functional responses in human exocrine pancreas","volume":"66","author":"Lebenthal","year":"1980","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"B53","first-page":"255","article-title":"Quantitative assessment of exocrine pancreatic function in infants and children","volume":"86","author":"Hadorn","year":"1967","journal-title":"Bibl Paediatr"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1537S","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/77.6.1537S","article-title":"Nutritional and physiologic significance of human milk proteins","volume":"77","author":"Lonnerdal","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1097\/00005176-198707000-00019","article-title":"Bile salt-stimulated lipase of human milk: characteristics of the enzyme in the milk of mothers of premature and full-term infants","volume":"6","author":"Freed","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-2760(72)90227-5","article-title":"Presence of colipase in a congenital pancreatic lipase deficiency","volume":"280","author":"Figarella","year":"1972","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(80)80683-4","article-title":"Congenital pancreatic lipase deficiency","volume":"96","author":"Figarella","year":"1980","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.23.3.243","article-title":"Isolated co-lipase deficiency in two brothers","volume":"23","author":"Hildebrand","year":"1982","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.P041103","article-title":"Identification of a novel mutation in the PNLIP gene in two brothers with congenital pancreatic lipase deficiency","volume":"55","author":"Behar","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Lipid Res"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1416","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.31.12.1416","article-title":"Isolated lipase and colipase deficiency in two brothers","volume":"31","author":"Ligumsky","year":"1990","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"B61","first-page":"838","article-title":"Proceedings: studies on the mechanism of fat absorption in congenital isolated lipase deficiency","volume":"16","author":"Muller","year":"1975","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.39.205.268","article-title":"Congenital pancreatic lipase deficiency","volume":"39","author":"Sheldon","year":"1964","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"854","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0000000000002317","article-title":"Isolated amylase deficiency in children and its clinical implication","volume":"68","author":"Hopson","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"844","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(00)96936-1","article-title":"Isolated pancreatic amylase deficiency: probable error in maturation","volume":"136","author":"Mehta","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.39.4.580","article-title":"Faecal elastase 1: a novel, highly sensitive, and specific tubeless pancreatic function test","volume":"39","author":"Loser","year":"1996","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-9120(89)80003-7","article-title":"Elastase 1 and chymotrypsin B in pancreatic juice and feces","volume":"22","author":"Sziegoleit","year":"1989","journal-title":"Clin Biochem"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1097\/00006676-199708000-00012","article-title":"Duodenal secretion and fecal excretion of pancreatic elastase-1 in healthy humans and patients with chronic pancreatitis","volume":"15","author":"Katschinski","year":"1997","journal-title":"Pancreas"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1042","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2004.tb02715.x","article-title":"Faecal elastase-1 test is superior to faecal lipase test in the assessment of exocrine pancreatic function in cystic fibrosis","volume":"93","author":"Walkowiak","year":"2004","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1097\/MPA.0b013e3182072032","article-title":"Pancreatic volume and endocrine and exocrine functions in patients with diabetes","volume":"40","author":"Philippe","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pancreas"},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1335","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1010687918252","article-title":"Diagnostic accuracy of fecal elastase 1 assay in patients with pancreatic maldigestion or intestinal malabsorption: a collaborative study of the Italian society of pediatric gastroenterology and hepatology","volume":"46","author":"Carroccio","year":"2001","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1097\/00005176-200502000-00022","article-title":"Early decline of pancreatic function in cystic fibrosis patients with class 1 or 2 CFTR mutations","volume":"40","author":"Walkowiak","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pan.2021.11.005","article-title":"Staging exocrine pancreatic dysfunction","volume":"22","author":"Khan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pancreatology"},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1080\/003655201300192058","article-title":"Faecal elastase-1: lyophilization of stool samples prevents false low results in diarrhoea","volume":"36","author":"Fischer","year":"2001","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114511002923","article-title":"Adaptive changes of pancreatic protease secretion to a short-term vegan diet: influence of reduced intake and modification of protein","volume":"107","author":"Walkowiak","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br J Nutr"},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1177\/000456329903600606","article-title":"Faecal elastase 1: a marker of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency in cystic fibrosis","volume":"36","author":"Phillips","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ann Clin Biochem"},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1080\/00365529950173104","article-title":"Comparison of fecal elastase-1 determination with the secretin-cholecystokinin test in patients with cystic fibrosis","volume":"34","author":"Walkowiak","year":"1999","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1220","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2018.01.027","article-title":"Diagnostic performance of measurement of fecal elastase-1 in detection of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"16","author":"Vanga","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0b013e31820b0227","article-title":"Comparison of fecal elastase-1 and pancreatic function testing in children","volume":"54","author":"Wali","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1936","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(92)90316-Q","article-title":"The effect of diarrhea on fecal fat excretion","volume":"102","author":"Fine","year":"1992","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.48.8.601","article-title":"Fat absorption in congenital obstructive liver disease","volume":"48","author":"Glasgow","year":"1973","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.2165\/00128072-200002030-00005","article-title":"Control of malabsorption in cystic fibrosis","volume":"2","author":"Littlewood","year":"2000","journal-title":"Paediatr Drugs"},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(84)90582-1","article-title":"Colipase and lipase secretion in childhood-onset pancreatic insufficiency. Delineation of patients with steatorrhea secondary to relative colipase deficiency","volume":"86","author":"Gaskin","year":"1984","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"B83","first-page":"521","article-title":"Fecal triglycerides. II. Digestive versus absorptive steatorrhea","volume":"73","author":"Thompson","year":"1969","journal-title":"J Lab Clin Med"},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0b013e3182281c38","article-title":"Evaluation of stool collections to measure efficacy of PERT in subjects with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency","volume":"53","author":"Caras","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1299","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/23.10.1299","article-title":"Excretion of fat by Normal full-term infants fed various milks and formulas","volume":"23","author":"Fomon","year":"1970","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-200201000-00011","article-title":"Functional development of fat absorption in term and preterm neonates strongly correlates with ability to absorb long-chain fatty acids from intestinal lumen","volume":"51","author":"Rings","year":"2002","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/33.4.502","article-title":"Estimating fat in feces by near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy","volume":"33","author":"Koumantakis","year":"1987","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/42.2.309","article-title":"Quantification of fecal carbohydrates by near-infrared reflectance analysis","volume":"42","author":"Stein","year":"1996","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM196101122640207","article-title":"Microscopical examination of the stool for steatorrhea","volume":"264","author":"Drummey","year":"1961","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0169993","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0169993","article-title":"Fecal fat analyses in chronic pancreatitis importance of fat ingestion before stool collection","volume":"12","author":"Erchinger","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.56.9.725","article-title":"The steatocrit: a simple method for estimating stool fat content in newborn infants","volume":"56","author":"Phuapradit","year":"1981","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1097\/00005176-199410000-00007","article-title":"The acid steatocrit: a much improved method","volume":"19","author":"Tran","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"key":"B93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1753","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/30.11.1753","article-title":"New photometric assay for chymotrypsin in stool","volume":"30","author":"Kaspar","year":"1984","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"B94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/42.2.222","article-title":"Immunoreactive elastase I: clinical evaluation of a new noninvasive test of pancreatic function","volume":"42","author":"Stein","year":"1996","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"B95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1080\/00365529850170946","article-title":"Comparative clinical evaluation of the 13C-mixed triglyceride breath test as an indirect pancreatic function test","volume":"33","author":"Loser","year":"1998","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"B96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1240","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.35.11.1240","article-title":"Prospective comparison of the fluorescein-dilaurate test with the secretin-cholecystokinin test for pancreatic exocrine function","volume":"35","author":"Boyd","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"B97","first-page":"225","article-title":"The fluorescein dilaurate serum test following metoclopramide and secretin stimulation for evaluating pancreatic function. Contribution to the diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis","volume":"25","author":"Malfertheiner","year":"1987","journal-title":"Z Gastroenterol"},{"key":"B98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.68.5.649","article-title":"Dual marker one day pancreolauryl test","volume":"68","author":"Green","year":"1993","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"B99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1159\/000085271","article-title":"Comparing the urinary pancreolauryl ratio and faecal elastase-1 as indicators of pancreatic insufficiency in clinical practice","volume":"5","author":"Elphick","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pancreatology"},{"key":"B100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1362","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.27.11.1362","article-title":"Serum immunoreactive cationic trypsinogen: a useful indicator of severe exocrine dysfunction in the paediatric patient without cystic fibrosis","volume":"27","author":"Moore","year":"1986","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"B101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-198603000-00002","article-title":"Age-related alterations of immunoreactive pancreatic cationic trypsinogen in sera from cystic fibrosis patients with and without pancreatic insufficiency","volume":"20","author":"Durie","year":"1986","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"key":"B102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7258","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v19.i42.7258","article-title":"Diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic exocrine insufficiency","volume":"19","author":"Lindkvist","year":"2013","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"B103","first-page":"10","article-title":"Fat-soluble vitamins in patients with chronic pancreatitis (pancreatic insufficiency)","volume":"59","author":"Nakamura","year":"1996","journal-title":"Acta Gastroenterol Belg"},{"key":"B104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-97-4-549","article-title":"Deficiency of fat-soluble vitamins in treated patients with pancreatic insufficiency","volume":"97","author":"Dutta","year":"1982","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"B105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pan.2012.04.006","article-title":"Serum nutritional markers for prediction of pancreatic exocrine insufficiency in chronic pancreatitis","volume":"12","author":"Lindkvist","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pancreatology"},{"key":"B106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S13","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.43.2008.S13","article-title":"13C Mixed triglyceride breath test","volume":"43","author":"Weaver","year":"1998","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"B107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1126","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(89)91632-6","article-title":"Mixed triglyceride breath test: a noninvasive test of pancreatic lipase activity in the duodenum","volume":"96","author":"Vantrappen","year":"1989","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"B108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2362.1997.1310678.x","article-title":"The 13C-mixed triglyceride breath test in healthy adults: determinants of the 13CO2 response","volume":"27","author":"Kalivianakis","year":"1997","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Invest"},{"key":"B109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/69.1.127","article-title":"Fat malabsorption in cystic fibrosis patients receiving enzyme replacement therapy is due to impaired intestinal uptake of long-chain fatty acids","volume":"69","author":"Kalivianakis","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"B110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(99)70166-6","article-title":"Validation in an animal model of the carbon 13-labeled mixed triglyceride breath test for the detection of intestinal fat malabsorption","volume":"135","author":"Kalivianakis","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"B111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.2010.06600.x","article-title":"Pancreatic exocrine insufficiency: diagnosis and treatment","volume":"26","author":"Dominguez-Munoz","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"B112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2010.03.006","article-title":"Pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy in chronic pancreatitis","volume":"24","author":"Sikkens","year":"2010","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"B113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1097\/00005176-200105000-00017","article-title":"13C Mixed triglyceride breath test: a noninvasive method to assess lipase activity in children","volume":"32","author":"van Dijk-van Aalst","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"key":"B114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.76.4.349","article-title":"13Carbon Mixed triglyceride breath test and pancreatic enzyme supplementation in cystic fibrosis","volume":"76","author":"Amarri","year":"1997","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"B115","first-page":"714","article-title":"Studies in pancreatic function; preliminary series\u00a0of clinical studies with the secretin test","volume":"11","author":"Dreiling","year":"1948","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"B116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.7196\/SAMJ.4530","article-title":"Guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of chronic pancreatitis","volume":"100","author":"Bornman","year":"2010","journal-title":"S Afr Med J"},{"key":"B117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1097\/MOG.0b013e32830b10fb","article-title":"Chronic pancreatitis","volume":"24","author":"Conwell","year":"2008","journal-title":"Curr Opin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"B118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2010.03.008","article-title":"Diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis: functional testing","volume":"24","author":"Dominguez Munoz","year":"2010","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"B119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2009.02.013","article-title":"Tests of pancreatic exocrine function - clinical significance in pancreatic and non-pancreatic disorders","volume":"23","author":"Keller","year":"2009","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"B120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02795225","article-title":"Function tests in the diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis. Critical evaluation","volume":"14","author":"Lankisch","year":"1993","journal-title":"Int J Pancreatol"},{"key":"B121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3149","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.14.3149","article-title":"Pancreatic function testing: here to stay for the 21st century","volume":"14","author":"Lieb","year":"2008","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"B122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.3109\/00365529109037023","article-title":"Pancreatic lipolytic enzymes in human duodenal contents. Radioimmunoassay compared with enzyme activity","volume":"26","author":"Sternby","year":"1991","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"B123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/S1542-3565(03)70035-4","article-title":"An endoscopic pancreatic function test with cholecystokinin-octapeptide for the diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis","volume":"1","author":"Conwell","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"B124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"796","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.32.7.796","article-title":"Exocrine pancreatic function in children with coeliac disease before and after a gluten free diet","volume":"32","author":"Carroccio","year":"1991","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"B125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0000000000002230","article-title":"Assessment of exocrine pancreatic function during endoscopy in children","volume":"68","author":"Horvath","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"key":"B126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(62)80025-0","article-title":"Pancreatic exocrine function in neoplastic and inflammatory disease; a simple and reliable new test","volume":"42","author":"Lundh","year":"1962","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"B127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.42.1.77","article-title":"The exocrine pancreas and protein-calorie malnutrition","volume":"42","author":"Barbezat","year":"1968","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"B128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1159\/000161013","article-title":"A rapid, endoscopic exocrine pancreatic function test and the lundh test: a comparative study","volume":"8","author":"Jensen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pancreatology"},{"key":"B129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1097\/00005176-200007000-00008","article-title":"Direct measurement of pancreatic enzymes after stimulation with secretin versus secretin plus cholecystokinin","volume":"31","author":"Del Rosario","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"key":"B130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1097\/00006676-199708000-00011","article-title":"A comparison of two methods to measure amylase, lipase, trypsin, and chymotrypsin activity and the effect of freezing and thawing on enzyme activities in pancreatic juice","volume":"15","author":"Gabert","year":"1997","journal-title":"Pancreas"},{"key":"B131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1097\/MPA.0b013e3181f82aa3","article-title":"Comparison of autoanalyzer and back titration for measurement of bicarbonate concentration in endoscopically collected pancreatic fluid","volume":"40","author":"Xiao","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pancreas"},{"key":"B132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.20.2.89","article-title":"Pure pancreatic juice studies in Normal subjects and patients with chronic pancreatitis","volume":"20","author":"Denyer","year":"1979","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"B133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1097\/00005176-199104000-00012","article-title":"A new direct pancreatic function test in pediatrics","volume":"12","author":"Madrazo-de la Garza","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"key":"B134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1266","DOI":"10.1097\/MPA.0000000000000425","article-title":"Diagnostic accuracy of a short endoscopic secretin test in patients with cystic fibrosis","volume":"44","author":"Engjom","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pancreas"},{"key":"B135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2211","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1020127025489","article-title":"Direct measurement of pancreatic enzymes: a comparison of secretagogues","volume":"47","author":"Pfefferkorn","year":"2002","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"B136","first-page":"743","article-title":"Comparison of the effects of cholecystokinin and cholecystokinin octapeptide on pancreatic secretion, gallbladder contraction, and plasma pancreatic polypeptide in man","volume":"96","author":"Regan","year":"1980","journal-title":"J Lab Clin Med"},{"key":"B137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1097\/00006676-200211000-00005","article-title":"Analysis of duodenal drainage fluid after cholecystokinin (CCK) stimulation in healthy volunteers","volume":"25","author":"Conwell","year":"2002","journal-title":"Pancreas"},{"key":"B138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1397","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-012088394-3\/50058-1","article-title":"Regulation of pancreatic secretion","volume-title":"Physiology of the gastrointestinal tract","author":"Liddle","year":"2006"},{"key":"B139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/S1542-3565(05)00852-9","article-title":"Towards the ideal quantitative pancreatic function test: analysis of test variables that influence validity","volume":"4","author":"Schibli","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"B140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5107(04)01809-7","article-title":"Electrolyte composition of endoscopically collected duodenal drainage fluid after synthetic porcine secretin stimulation in healthy subjects","volume":"60","author":"Stevens","year":"2004","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"B141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1291","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2008.08.008","article-title":"The early diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis","volume":"6","author":"Forsmark","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"B142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2006.00398.x","article-title":"Where have all the dreiling tubes gone?","volume":"101","author":"Pollack","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"B143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0000000000002931","article-title":"Endoscopic pancreatic function testing (ePFT) in children: a position paper from the NASPGHAN pancreas committee","volume":"72","author":"Patel","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"key":"B144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1097\/MPA.0000000000000724","article-title":"Utility of direct pancreatic function testing in children","volume":"46","author":"Alfaro Cruz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pancreas"},{"key":"B145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1097\/MPA.0000000000001540","article-title":"Report\u00a0on the short endoscopic exocrine pancreatic function test in children and young adults","volume":"49","author":"Mehta","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pancreas"},{"key":"B146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"764","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2011.11.011","article-title":"Endoscopic pancreatic function test using combined secretin and cholecystokinin stimulation for the evaluation of chronic pancreatitis","volume":"75","author":"Law","year":"2012","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"B147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0000000000000830","article-title":"ESPGHAN And NASPGHAN report on the assessment of exocrine pancreatic function and pancreatitis in children","volume":"61","author":"Taylor","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"key":"B148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1097\/MPA.0b013e31823a4c33","article-title":"Abnormal duodenal [HCO3-] following secretin stimulation develops sooner than endocrine insufficiency in minimal change chronic pancreatitis","volume":"41","author":"Pelley","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pancreas"},{"key":"B149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000000569","article-title":"Total pancreatectomy and islet autotransplantation in children for chronic pancreatitis: indication, surgical techniques, postoperative management, and long-term outcomes","volume":"260","author":"Chinnakotla","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"B150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.2006.04246.x","article-title":"Childhood pancreatitis","volume":"21","author":"Nydegger","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"B151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1007\/s11894-007-0023-2","article-title":"The use of magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography in children","volume":"9","author":"Tipnis","year":"2007","journal-title":"Curr Gastroenterol Rep"},{"key":"B152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2243011085","article-title":"Idiopathic chronic pancreatitis in children: mR cholangiopancreatography after secretin administration","volume":"224","author":"Manfredi","year":"2002","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"B153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"890","DOI":"10.1007\/s00261-016-0972-8","article-title":"Secretin-stimulated MRI assessment of exocrine pancreatic function in patients with cystic fibrosis and healthy controls","volume":"42","author":"Madzak","year":"2017","journal-title":"Abdom Radiol (NY"},{"key":"B154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1385","DOI":"10.1038\/s41395-018-0190-9","article-title":"Prospective assessment of Normal pancreatic secretory function measured by MRI in a cohort of healthy children","volume":"113","author":"Trout","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"B155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S153","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-009-1145-5","article-title":"Pancreatitis and the role of US, MRCP and ERCP","volume":"39","author":"Darge","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pediatr Radiol"},{"key":"B156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2010.09.007","article-title":"Microlithiasis, endoscopic ultrasound, and children: not just little gallstones in little adults","volume":"46","author":"Neff","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"},{"key":"B157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"724","DOI":"10.1097\/MPA.0b013e31823b5978","article-title":"Endoscopic ultrasonography of the pancreas as an indirect method to predict pancreatic exocrine insufficiency in patients with chronic pancreatitis","volume":"41","author":"Dominguez-Munoz","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pancreas"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Pediatrics"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fped.2022.908542\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,14]],"date-time":"2022-11-14T06:55:02Z","timestamp":1668408902000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fped.2022.908542\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,14]]},"references-count":157,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fped.2022.908542"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fped.2022.908542","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-2360"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-2360","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,14]]},"article-number":"908542"}}