{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T20:08:01Z","timestamp":1788206881697,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,6]],"date-time":"2022-07-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1657065600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pediatr."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Traditional farming lifestyle has been shown to be protective against asthma and allergic diseases. The individual factors that appear to be associated with this \u201cfarm-life effect\u201d include consumption of unpasteurized farm milk and exposure to farm animals and stables. However, the biomarkers of the protective immunity and those associated with early development of allergic diseases in infancy remain unclear. The \u201cZooming in to Old Order Mennonites (ZOOM)\u201d study was designed to assess the differences in the lifestyle and the development of the microbiome, systemic and mucosal immunity between infants born to traditional farming lifestyle at low risk for allergic diseases and those born to urban\/suburban atopic families with a high risk for allergic diseases in order to identify biomarkers of development of allergic diseases in infancy. 190 mothers and their infants born to Old Order Mennonite population protected from or in Rochester families at high risk for allergic diseases were recruited before birth from the Finger Lakes Region of New York State. Questionnaires and samples are collected from mothers during pregnancy and after delivery and from infants at birth and at 1\u20132 weeks, 6 weeks, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months, with 3-, 4-, and 5-year follow-up ongoing. Samples collected include maternal blood, stool, saliva, nasal and skin swabs and urine during pregnancy; breast milk postnatally; infant blood, stool, saliva, nasal and skin swabs. Signs and symptoms of allergic diseases are assessed at every visit and serum specific IgE is measured at 1 and 2 years of age. Allergic diseases are diagnosed by clinical history, exam, and sensitization by skin prick test and\/or serum specific IgE. By the end of the first year of life, the prevalence of food allergy and atopic dermatitis were higher in ROC infants compared to the rates observed in OOM infants as was the number of infants sensitized to foods. These studies of immune system development in a population protected from and in those at risk for allergic diseases will provide critical new knowledge about the development of the mucosal and systemic immunity and lay the groundwork for future studies of prevention of allergic diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2022.916184","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,7]],"date-time":"2022-07-07T09:08:01Z","timestamp":1657184881000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Biomarkers of Development of Immunity and Allergic Diseases in Farming and Non-farming Lifestyle Infants: Design, Methods and 1 Year Outcomes in the \u201cZooming in to Old Order Mennonites\u201d Birth Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Kirsi M.","family":"J\u00e4rvinen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erin C.","family":"Davis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erin","family":"Bevec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Courtney M.","family":"Jackson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine","family":"Pizzarello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Catlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miranda","family":"Klein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akhila","family":"Sunkara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nichole","family":"Diaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Camille A.","family":"Martina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juilee","family":"Thakar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antti E.","family":"Seppo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R. John","family":"Looney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"the Collaborative Working Group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1258","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2012.01.035","article-title":"The impact of the gut microbiota on human health: an integrative view.","volume":"148","author":"Clemente","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2014.02.032","article-title":"The virome in mammalian physiology and disease.","volume":"157","author":"Virgin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1071","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2015.10.049","article-title":"Does atopic dermatitis cause food allergy? A systematic review.","volume":"137","author":"Tsakok","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1939-4551-7-12","article-title":"Allergic diseases and asthma: a global public health concern and a call to action.","volume":"7","author":"Pawankar","year":"2014","journal-title":"World Allergy Organ J."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2871","article-title":"Farm living: effects on childhood asthma and allergy.","volume":"10","author":"von Mutius","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1671","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2012.03.016","article-title":"Amish children living in northern Indiana have a very low prevalence of allergic sensitization.","volume":"129","author":"Holbreich","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1508749","article-title":"Innate immunity and asthma risk in amish and hutterite farm children.","volume":"375","author":"Stein","year":"2016","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anai.2016.08.023","article-title":"Prevalence of allergic disease in old order mennonites in New York.","volume":"117","author":"Martina","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1007302","article-title":"Exposure to environmental microorganisms and childhood asthma.","volume":"364","author":"Ege","year":"2011","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2013.06.034","article-title":"Increased regulatory T-cell numbers are associated with farm milk exposure and lower atopic sensitization and asthma in childhood.","volume":"133","author":"Lluis","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1106","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aac6623","article-title":"Farm dust and endotoxin protect against allergy through A20 induction in lung epithelial cells.","volume":"349","author":"Schuijs","year":"2015","journal-title":"Science."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1074","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2015.03.022","article-title":"Higher B-cell activating factor levels at birth are positively associated with maternal dairy farm exposure and negatively related to allergy development.","volume":"136","author":"Lundell","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2017.07.032","article-title":"Farm exposure in early childhood is associated with a lower risk of severe respiratory illnesses.","volume":"141","author":"Ludka-Gaulke","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1187","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.4176","article-title":"Neonatal gut microbiota associates with childhood multisensitized atopy and T cell differentiation.","volume":"22","author":"Fujimura","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Med."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2011.10.025","article-title":"Low diversity of the gut microbiota in infants with atopic eczema.","volume":"129","author":"Abrahamsson","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1111\/cea.12487","article-title":"Infant gut microbiota and food sensitization: associations in the first year of life.","volume":"45","author":"Azad","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Exp Allergy."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1111\/all.13232","article-title":"A prospective microbiome-wide association study of food sensitization and food allergy in early childhood.","volume":"73","author":"Savage","year":"2018","journal-title":"Allergy."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aab2271","article-title":"Early infancy microbial and metabolic alterations affect risk of childhood asthma.","volume":"7","author":"Arrieta","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1766","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-020-1095-x","article-title":"Maturation of the gut microbiome during the first year of life contributes to the protective farm effect on childhood asthma.","volume":"26","author":"Depner","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Med."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3489","DOI":"10.1111\/all.14877","article-title":"Infant gut microbiome is enriched with Bifidobacterium longum ssp. infantis in old order mennonites with traditional farming lifestyle.","volume":"76","author":"Seppo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Allergy."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3884","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.05.030","article-title":"Bifidobacteria-mediated immune system imprinting early in life.","volume":"184","author":"Henrick","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anai.2019.12.019","article-title":"Food allergy, breastfeeding, and introduction of complementary foods in the New York old order mennonite community.","volume":"124","author":"Phillips","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.741513","article-title":"Traditional farming lifestyle in old older mennonites modulates human milk composition.","volume":"12","author":"Seppo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Immunol."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1427","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2012.05.016","article-title":"Lifestyle behaviors associated with exposures to endocrine disruptors.","volume":"33","author":"Martina","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurotoxicology."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327752jpa5201_2","article-title":"The multidimensional scale of perceived social support.","volume":"52","author":"Zimet","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Pers Assess."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2010.10.008","article-title":"Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of food allergy in the united states: summary of the niaid-sponsored expert panel report.","volume":"126","author":"Boyce","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2014.06.033","article-title":"Influence of early-life exposures on food sensitization and food allergy in an inner-city birth cohort.","volume":"135","author":"McGowan","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2010.12.1122","article-title":"Relationships among environmental exposures, cord blood cytokine responses, allergy, and wheeze at 1 year of age in an inner-city birth cohort (Urban Environment and Childhood Asthma study).","volume":"127","author":"Wood","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2020.00545","article-title":"The role of diet diversity and diet indices on allergy outcomes.","volume":"8","author":"D\u2019Auria","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Pediatr."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1111\/all.14051","article-title":"EAACI position paper on diet diversity in pregnancy, infancy and childhood: novel concepts and implications for studies in allergy and asthma.","volume":"75","author":"Venter","year":"2020","journal-title":"Allergy."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1414850","article-title":"Randomized trial of peanut consumption in infants at risk for peanut allergy.","volume":"372","author":"Du Toit","year":"2015","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2017","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2020.01.029","article-title":"Different measures of diet diversity during infancy and the association with childhood food allergy in a UK birth cohort study.","volume":"8","author":"Venter","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1477","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2015.12.1322","article-title":"Enquiring About Tolerance (EAT) study: feasibility of an early allergenic food introduction regimen.","volume":"137","author":"Perkin","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnint.2020.00016","article-title":"The autism biomarkers consortium for clinical trials (ABC-CT): scientific context, study design, and progress toward biomarker qualification.","volume":"14","author":"McPartland","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Integr Neurosci."},{"key":"B35","first-page":"111","article-title":"An exploration into study design for biomarker identification: issues and recommendations.","volume":"4","author":"Hall","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cancer Genomics Proteomics."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13104-019-4448-0","article-title":"Respiratory health, allergies, and the farm environment: design, methods and enrollment in the observational Wisconsin Infant Study Cohort (WISC): a research proposal.","volume":"12","author":"Seroogy","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Res Notes."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1129","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(01)06252-3","article-title":"Exposure to farming in early life and development of asthma and allergy: a cross-sectional survey.","volume":"358","author":"Riedler","year":"2001","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"766","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2011.07.048","article-title":"The protective effect of farm milk consumption on childhood asthma and atopy: the GABRIELA study.","volume":"128","author":"Loss","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anai.2018.05.016","article-title":"The Amish have decreased asthma and allergic diseases compared with old order Mennonites.","volume":"121","author":"Tantoco","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Pediatrics"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fped.2022.916184\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,7]],"date-time":"2022-07-07T09:08:08Z","timestamp":1657184888000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fped.2022.916184\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,6]]},"references-count":39,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fped.2022.916184"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fped.2022.916184","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-2360"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-2360","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,6]]},"article-number":"916184"}}