{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T16:12:53Z","timestamp":1753891973281,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,18]],"date-time":"2022-08-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1660780800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pediatr."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Generalized arterial calcification of infancy (GACI) is an extremely rare autosomal recessive condition characterized by the storage of calcium at the level of internal elastic membrane of arteries. The main consequences are intimal fibrous thickening and arterial occlusion. We present the case of a preterm male infant, born from an improperly dispensed pregnancy. At birth, the newborn presented generalized edema and hypotonia, and abolished heart sounds, without response to stimulation. Despite the mechanical ventilation, the infant died 2 h after birth. The death was clinically presumed to be related to the maternal infection with cytomegalovirus (CMV) and <jats:italic>Toxoplasma gondii<\/jats:italic>. The infant's mother affirmed the history of 6 previous miscarriages and a non-consanguineous marriage. At autopsy, microscopic examination showed generalized vasculitis secondary to minimal calcification of the large and medium-sized vessels of the lungs, liver, and tongue. These findings supported the diagnosis of GACI. Hydrothorax, non-infective ascites, and necrosis of the brain parenchyma were also associated. The premature infant died due to tonsillar herniation associated with decreased vessel compliance and refractory pulmonary hypertension thus leading to congestive cardiac failure. CMV was not detected on histopathological assessment nor were signs of any other infections. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of GACI occurring in a baby from a mother co-infected with CMV and <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2022.922379","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,18]],"date-time":"2022-08-18T07:25:21Z","timestamp":1660807521000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Case Report: Coexistence of generalized arterial calcification of infancy (GACI) and maternal infections with cytomegalovirus and Toxoplasma gondii-unexpected fatal complication in a newborn"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Simona","family":"Gurzu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Diana","family":"Burlacu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R\u00e9ka","family":"S\u00e1nta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ioan","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Slevin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Em\u00f6ke","family":"Fulop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","first-page":"17","article-title":"A case of calcification of the arteries and obliterative endarteritis, associated with hydronephrosis, in a child aged six months","volume":"55","author":"Bryant","year":"1901","journal-title":"Guys Hosp Rep."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2112","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.61334","article-title":"Novel homozygous ENPP1 mutation causes generalized arterial calcifications of infancy, thrombocytopenia, and cardiovascular and central nervous system syndrome","volume":"179","author":"Staretz-Chacham","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet A."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/s0009-9260(71)80014-4","article-title":"Generalised arterial calcification of infancy","volume":"22","author":"Parker","year":"1971","journal-title":"Clin Radiol."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCGENETICS.108.797704","article-title":"Hypophosphatemia, hyperphosphaturia, and bisphosphonate treatment are associated with survival beyond infancy in generalized arterial calcification of infancy","volume":"1","author":"Rutsch","year":"2008","journal-title":"Circ Cardiovasc Genet."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.4103\/0971-3026.54876","article-title":"Sonological appearance of idiopathic arterial calcification in fetus: a rare case","volume":"19","author":"Nagaraj","year":"2009","journal-title":"Indian J Radiol Imaging."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.3941\/jrcr.v9i11.2622","article-title":"Idiopathic arterial calcification of infancy: case report","volume":"9","author":"Attia","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Radiol Case Rep."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.24953\/turkjped.2016.04.013","article-title":"Two newborn babies with generalized arterial calcification of infancy, two new mutations","volume":"58","author":"Yapicioglu-Yildizdas","year":"2016","journal-title":"Turk J Pediatr."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.32646","article-title":"Generalized arterial calcification of infancy: phenotypic spectrum among three siblings including one case without obvious arterial calcifications","author":"Dlamini","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet A."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2012.00302","article-title":"Generalized arterial calcification of infancy and pseudoxanthoma elasticum: two sides of the same coin","volume":"3","author":"Nitschke","year":"2012","journal-title":"Front Genet."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"763916","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2021.763916","article-title":"Case report: a novel genetic mutation causes idiopathic infantile arterial calcification in preterm infants","volume":"12","author":"Yunfeng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Genet."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.12998\/wjcc.v3.i7.556","article-title":"From variome to phenome: pathogenesis, diagnosis and management of ectopic mineralization disorders","volume":"3","author":"De Vilder","year":"2015","journal-title":"World J Clin Cases."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/31.6.517","article-title":"Idiopathic arterial calcification of infancy; 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