{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:24:38Z","timestamp":1787027078165,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,6]],"date-time":"2022-12-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1670284800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014475","name":"Pfizer Health Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014475","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pediatr."],"abstract":"\n Introduction<\/jats:title>\n This study established an independent evaluation index for patients with childhood-onset chronic diseases in Japan.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n From November to December 2020, three Delphi rounds were conducted. Thirty-nine participants completed at least one survey. We asked them about targets of social independence for 10 types of activities (education\/labor\/finance\/acquisition of necessities\/housing\/transportation\/leisure\/social relationship\/intimate relationships\/sexuality). The Delphi technique was to be repeated until a consensus of over 80% of participants was reached.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n The targets chosen for measuring independence in patients with childhood-onset chronic diseases were as follows: \u201cGraduation from high school,\u201d \u201cLabor for livelihood (including temporary turnover),\u201d \u201cFinancially independent (including temporary turnover, excluding students),\u201d \u201cBuy or rent a house and buy the daily necessities and get the public services you need to live,\u201d \u201cDo housework alone,\u201d \u201cPlan alone and use transportation to get around,\u201d \u201cParticipate in play\/recreation\/leisure activities on own initiative,\u201d \u201cEngage in relationships with other people outside of a limited environment (home, school, office, hospital, etc.),\u201d \u201cCreate and maintain intimate or romantic relationships between individuals (couples, lovers, sexual partners),\u201d and \u201cUse or know how to use contraceptives and how to prevent sexually transmitted diseases.\u201d<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n We established an independent evaluation index for patients with childhood-onset chronic diseases in Japan through a three-round Delphi process. The assessment of social independence using our independent evaluation index may help plan for and provide appropriate support and assistance to these patients.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2022.923497","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,6]],"date-time":"2022-12-06T00:52:12Z","timestamp":1670287932000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Social independence evaluation index for Japanese patients with childhood-onset chronic diseases"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Yuzaburo","family":"Inoue","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroaki","family":"Umebayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toshihiro","family":"Matsui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susumu","family":"Nishiyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ikuho","family":"Sakurai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mitsue","family":"Maru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tetsuro","family":"Takeda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Koji","family":"Tanigawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takako","family":"Miyamae","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1951","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-022-04385-z","article-title":"Health care transition from pediatric to adult care: an evidence-based guideline","volume":"181","author":"Pape","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2017.05.066","article-title":"Outcome evidence for structured pediatric to adult health care transition interventions: a systematic review","volume":"188","author":"Gabriel","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pedn.2020.01.002","article-title":"Outcomes of pediatric to adult health care transition interventions: an updated systematic review","volume":"51","author":"Schmidt","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Pediatr Nurs"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1304","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.110.S3.1304","article-title":"A consensus statement on health care transitions for young adults with special health care needs","volume":"110","year":"2002","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.55.5.469","article-title":"Emerging adulthood. 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