{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T23:46:44Z","timestamp":1788306404193,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":89,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,20]],"date-time":"2022-06-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1655683200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pediatr."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Posttransplant anemia (PTA) is a common complication of pediatric kidney transplantation, with a prevalence ranging from 22 to 85%. PTA is categorized as early (within 6 months posttransplant) and late (&amp;gt;6 months posttransplant). Early PTA is typically associated with surgical blood losses and iron deficiency. Late PTA primarily results from graft dysfunction; however, iron deficiency, drug toxicity, and posttransplant inflammation also play a role. PTA is more severe compared with the anemia in glomerular-filtration-rate matched patients with native chronic kidney disease. Treatment of PTA is directed toward the underlying cause. Erythropoiesis stimulating agents (ESA) are effective; however, their use is limited in the transplant setting. Timely diagnosis and treatment of PTA are vital to prevent long-term adverse outcomes in pediatric transplant recipients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2022.929504","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,20]],"date-time":"2022-06-20T04:52:00Z","timestamp":1655700720000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Anemia in Pediatric Kidney Transplant Recipients\u2014Etiologies and Management"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Anne","family":"Kouri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shanthi","family":"Balani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Kizilbash","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1306","DOI":"10.1053\/ajkd.2002.36910","article-title":"Unexpectedly high prevalence of posttransplant anemia in pediatric and young adult renal transplant recipients","volume":"40","author":"Yorgin","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-004-1427-y","article-title":"Anemia in pediatric renal transplant recipients","volume":"19","author":"Kausman","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pediatric Nephrol (Berlin, Germany)."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1713","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-6143.2005.00919.x","article-title":"Increasing incidence of post-kidney transplant anemia in children","volume":"5","author":"Mitsnefes","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Transplant."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-015-3201-8","article-title":"Anemia in children following renal transplantation-results from the ESPN\/ERA-EDTA Registry","volume":"31","author":"Krischock","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pediatric Nephrol (Berlin, Germany)."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"996","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2008.03.001","article-title":"CKD following kidney transplantation in children and adolescents","volume":"51","author":"White","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3046.2007.00782.x","article-title":"Complications of chronic kidney disease in children post-renal transplantation\u2014a single center experience","volume":"12","author":"Feber","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pediatr Transplant."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-016-3481-7","article-title":"Anemia and low-grade inflammation in pediatric kidney transplant recipients","volume":"32","author":"Miettinen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pediatric Nephrol (Berlin, Germany)."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-017-3663-y","article-title":"Anemia in chronic kidney disease","volume":"33","author":"Atkinson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pediatric Nephrol (Berlin, Germany)."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1079","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-011-2036-1","article-title":"Understanding renal posttransplantation anemia in the pediatric population","volume":"27","author":"Galutira","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pediatric Nephrol (Berlin, Germany)."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1097\/MNH.0b013e3282fb7bf2","article-title":"Cardiac disease in children with mild-to-moderate chronic kidney disease","volume":"17","author":"Schaefer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2006.08.017","article-title":"Progression of left ventricular hypertrophy in children with early chronic kidney disease: 2-year follow-up study","volume":"149","author":"Mitsnefes","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Pediatr."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1007\/s10157-009-0171-9","article-title":"Does posttransplant anemia at 6 months affect long-term outcome of live-donor kidney transplantation? 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