{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,6]],"date-time":"2025-11-06T12:30:12Z","timestamp":1762432212698,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,30]],"date-time":"2022-06-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656547200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pediatr."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients with pulmonary sequestration (PS), a rare congenital lung malformation, are mostly asymptomatic. Recurrent localized infection is a major complication, while sudden hemothorax is extremely rare. We present a case of intralobar PS presenting as hemothorax secondary to spontaneous pneumothorax and comprehensively review the relevant literature.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Case Report<\/jats:title><jats:p>A 16-year-old male presented with chest pain after strenuous exercise. Chest X-ray showed a moderate pneumothorax. After admission and conservative treatment, he developed dizziness, amaurosis, and urinary incontinence. Bedside chest X-ray suggested a massive pleural effusion, and hemothorax was further identified via catheter drainage. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography was performed, and no abnormal blood vessels or leakage of contrast agent were observed. As the hemoglobin level continued to drop, exploratory thoracoscopic surgery was performed immediately. The abnormal systemic artery supplying the lung tissue was found to be ruptured; therefore, ligation of the abnormal artery with resection of the diseased lung tissue was performed. Pathological examination revealed non-specific manifestations of PS. He was followed up for 1 year without related complications.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our case suggests that the abnormal supply vessels of PS are unstable, which may cause sudden hemothorax. Therefore, patients with PS should undergo surgery promptly after diagnosis. In patients with hemothorax, we should consider the diagnosis of PS; however, contrast-enhanced computed tomography or angiography cannot confirm the diagnosis in all cases. Surgical intervention is recommended in emergency settings.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2022.937563","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,30]],"date-time":"2022-06-30T04:58:23Z","timestamp":1656565103000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Intralobar Pulmonary Sequestration Presenting as Hemothorax Secondary to Spontaneous Pneumothorax: Case Report and Literature Review"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Tian","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Na","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chenghao","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Libing","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qi","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2003.09.009","article-title":"Pulmonary sequestration.","volume":"5","author":"Corbett","year":"2004","journal-title":"Paediatr Respir Rev."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"884","DOI":"10.1016\/s0002-9378(98)70183-8","article-title":"Fetal lung lesions: management and outcome.","volume":"179","author":"Adzick","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1053\/j.sempedsurg.2004.10.022","article-title":"Asymptomatic congenital lung malformations.","volume":"14","author":"Laberge","year":"2005","journal-title":"Semin Pediatr Surg."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejcts.2011.01.080","article-title":"Pulmonary sequestration: a retrospective analysis of 2625 cases in China.","volume":"40","author":"Wei","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur J Cardiothorac Surg."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1002\/path.1700580316","article-title":"Lower accessory pulmonary artery with intralobar sequestration of lung; a report of seven cases.","volume":"58","author":"Pryce","year":"1946","journal-title":"J Pathol Bacteriol."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/s0003-4975(10)66147-4","article-title":"Pulmonary sequestration.","volume":"7","author":"Carter","year":"1969","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.11.1.10","article-title":"Theory of the origin of intralobar sequestration of lung.","volume":"11","author":"Smith","year":"1956","journal-title":"Thorax."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2228","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2012.09.013","article-title":"Embolization versus surgical resection of pulmonary sequestration: clinical experiences with a thoracoscopic approach.","volume":"47","author":"Cho","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1286","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2018.08.054","article-title":"Distribution, diagnosis, and treatment of pulmonary sequestration: report of 208 cases.","volume":"54","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg."},{"key":"B10","first-page":"59","article-title":"[Spontaneous hemothorax revealing a pulmonary sequestration. 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