{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T02:42:38Z","timestamp":1789094558807,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,22]],"date-time":"2022-08-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661126400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009687","name":"Uniwersytet Medyczny im. Piast\u00f3w Slaskich we Wroclawiu","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SUBZ.C200.22.067"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SUBZ.C200.22.067"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009687","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pediatr."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is a treatment method for a wide range of malignant and non-malignant diseases. Infants constitute a distinct patient group, especially due to their organ immaturity and differences in drug metabolism. The present paper aims to analyse the short- and long-term outcomes after allo-HSCT in infants.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Material and methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In the study period, 67 patients under 12 months of age underwent allo-HSCT. This study is a retrospective analysis of patient medical records, in the form of paper and electronic documentation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The probability of 5-year OS was 69% and 72% in patients with malignant and non-malignant diseases, respectively. The allo-HSCT from a matched donor was associated with improved OS in comparison to haploidentical donor (0.8 vs. 0.58%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.0425). The overall incidence of acute graft-vs.-host disease (aGVHD) was 59.3%, and grade III\u2013IV aGVHD was diagnosed in 23% of patients. The 100-day non-relapse mortality (NRM) in the study cohort was 17.9%, while the 5-year NRM was 26.9%. Among the causes of NRM, infections occurred in 83.3% of patients, and aGVHD in 16.3% of individuals. Twenty-two children (32.8%) required hospitalization in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). The median length of PICU hospitalization was 6 days (range 1 to 12 days). Late sequelae diagnosed during post-transplant surveillance included ocular disorders in 26.8% of patients, cardiac complications in 4.4%, as well as endocrinopathy with short stature (&amp;lt;3rd percentile) in 37.2% and overt hypothyroidism in 35.4%. In the long-term perspective, 83.3% of survivors were able to attend a regular school.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Improvements in unrelated donor availability, and better supportive care resulted in better outcomes. Management of infant allo-HSCT recipients requires the formation of multi-disciplinary specialist teams. In addition, the role of parental empowerment must be acknowledged; for example, in speech therapy and rehabilitation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2022.956108","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,22]],"date-time":"2022-08-22T07:36:57Z","timestamp":1661153817000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Short- and long-term outcome of allogeneic stem cell transplantation in infants: A single-center experience over 20 years"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Justyna","family":"Mi\u015bkiewicz-Bujna","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Izabella","family":"Mi\u015bkiewicz-Migo\u0144","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zofia","family":"Szmit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dawid","family":"Przystupski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monika","family":"Rosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Kr\u00f3l","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Krzysztof","family":"Ka\u0142wak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marek","family":"Ussowicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ewa","family":"Gorczy\u0144ska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.25333","article-title":"Hematopoietic 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