{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]],"date-time":"2026-03-20T01:35:42Z","timestamp":1773970542503,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,3]],"date-time":"2022-08-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659484800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pediatr."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Accidents involving dog attacks are very common, which makes this type of accident a global public health issue. The estimates point to 20% of the victims of such accidents seeking care in health units, and half of them being children. In addition to acute injuries, dog attacks might result in fractures, infections, scars, and psychological traumas. This study aimed to describe the epidemiological profile of dog attacks to children under 14 years old assisted in a pediatric emergency service in Brazil.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The database of the Information and Toxicological Assistance Center of Campinas was surveyed to identify cases of children under 14 years old assisted after a dog attack in a 9-years period. Demographic data, number and type of lesions, type of exposure, part of the body affected, dog origin and condition, and the accident location and cause were analyzed. The data were presented in a descriptive way, and the age groups were classified as follows: 0\u20133 years old, 4\u20136 years old, and 7\u201314 years old. The different age groups were compared one to another regarding the markers evaluated using the chi-square test and the Fisher\u2019s exact test. A 0.05 alpha was adopted in all analyses.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The number of children assisted in the study period totaled 1,012. The 7\u201314-year-old group was the most affected (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 498; 49.2%), male patients were also majority (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 660; 65.2%). Most injuries were found on the head\/neck area (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 378; 37.4%). However, the older the patients were, the higher the frequency of lesions on upper and lower limbs was, as well as attacks occurred in external environments, thus involving animals that could not be observed. A significant increase in accidents with provoked causes was observed in younger patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Accidents involving dog attacks are more likely to happen among boys. Younger children run higher risks of becoming victims of these accidents inside homes, being attacked by pets, and showing a greater incidence of head and neck lesions. Older children present more injuries on their limbs, which are caused by dogs that cannot be observed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2022.963803","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,3]],"date-time":"2022-08-03T05:19:27Z","timestamp":1659503967000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Epidemiological profile of dog attacks to patients under 14 years old assisted at the pediatric referral emergency unit of a tertiary hospital in Campinas, Brazil"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Michelle Marchi","family":"Medeiros","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fernando Augusto Lima","family":"Marson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leonardo Souza","family":"Marques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andressa Oliveira","family":"Peixoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrea de Melo Alexandre","family":"Fraga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","year":"2022","journal-title":"Aprenda a Prevenir Acidentes com Beb\u00eas \u2013 Crian\u00e7a Segura 2022 [Internet]."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph14050490","article-title":"Scottish society for the prevention of cruelty to animals Scottish S. Childhood attachment to pets: associations between pet attachment, attitudes to animals, compassion, and humane behaviour.","volume":"14","author":"Hawkins","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1097\/PEC.0000000000001132","article-title":"Pediatric dog bite prevention: are we barking up the wrong tree or just not barking loud enough?","volume":"35","author":"Bykowski","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pediatr Emerg Care."},{"key":"B4","year":"2022","journal-title":"Informa\u00e7\u00f5es Gerais do Setor Pet 2022 [Internet]."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1177\/0009922816657153","article-title":"Characteristics of 1616 consecutive dog bite injuries at a single institution.","volume":"56","author":"Golinko","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Pediatr (Phila)."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1136\/injuryprev-2017-042621","article-title":"Pediatric dog bites: a population-based profile.","volume":"25","author":"Fein","year":"2018","journal-title":"Inj Prev."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1177\/2292550318767924","article-title":"Dog bites in children: a descriptive analysis.","volume":"26","author":"McGuire","year":"2018","journal-title":"Plastic Surg (Oakville, Ont)."},{"key":"B8","article-title":"Unreported dog bites in children.","volume":"100","author":"Beck","year":"1985","journal-title":"Public Health Rep."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2019.09.013","article-title":"An epidemiological analysis of pediatric dog bite injuries over a decade.","volume":"246","author":"Cook","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Surg Res."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1177\/0033354920904072","article-title":"Age\u2013 and sex-related differences in nonfatal dog bite injuries among persons aged 0-19 treated in hospital emergency departments, United States, 2001-2017.","volume":"135","author":"Basco","year":"2020","journal-title":"Public health rep."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19010564","article-title":"How parents perceive the potential risk of a child-dog interaction.","volume":"19","author":"N\u00e1hl\u00edk","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1111\/ped.14484","article-title":"Dog bite injuries in a tertiary care children\u2019s hospital: a seven-year review.","volume":"63","author":"Zangari","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pediatr Int."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjpo-2021-001040","article-title":"Paediatric emergency department dog bite attendance during the COVID-19 pandemic: an audit at a tertiary children\u2019s hospital.","volume":"5","author":"Tulloch","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ Paediatr Open."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S510","DOI":"10.1097\/SAP.0000000000002928","article-title":"Analysis of pediatric dog bite injuries at a level 1 trauma center over 10 years.","volume":"86","author":"Reuter Mu\u00f1oz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Plast Surg."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1228","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2019.06.025","article-title":"Hospitalizations for pediatric dog bite injuries in the United States.","volume":"55","author":"McLoughlin","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1149","DOI":"10.1111\/ans.17581","article-title":"Paediatric dog bite injuries: a 10-year retrospective cohort analysis from Sydney children\u2019s hospital.","volume":"92","author":"Sulaiman","year":"2022","journal-title":"ANZ J Surg."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.14218","article-title":"Dog bites in a U.S. County: age, body part and breed in paediatric dog bites.","volume":"107","author":"Ramgopal","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1612","DOI":"10.1177\/00031348211024657","article-title":"Nationwide analysis of dog bite injuries: different age groups, Different Injury Patterns.","volume":"87","author":"Tam","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am Surg."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e374","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2005-1451","article-title":"Analysis of dog bites in children who are younger than 17 years.","volume":"117","author":"Schalamon","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pediatrics."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1017\/s1481803500014494","article-title":"Dog bites in Canadian children: a five-year review of severity and emergency department management.","volume":"7","author":"Lang","year":"2005","journal-title":"CJEM."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jveb.2020.03.006","article-title":"Bite of Canis lupus familiaris in an infant causing skull injury and neurological sequelae.","volume":"38","author":"Peixoto","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Vet Behave."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.14202\/vetworld.2020.419-425","article-title":"A look at the incidence and risk factors for dog bites in unincorporated Harris County, Texas, USA.","volume":"13","author":"Hasoon","year":"2020","journal-title":"Vet World."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1136\/ip.2010.029868","article-title":"Behavioural characteristics associated with dog bites to children presenting to an urban trauma centre.","volume":"17","author":"Reisner","year":"2011","journal-title":"Inj Prev."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0b013e3181addad9","article-title":"Pediatric dog bite injuries: a 5-year review of the experience at the children\u2019s hospital of Philadelphia.","volume":"124","author":"Kaye","year":"2009","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1097\/00006565-200206000-00024","article-title":"A comparison of dog bite injuries in younger and older children treated in a pediatric emergency department.","volume":"18","author":"Bernardo","year":"2002","journal-title":"Pediatr Emerg Care."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1590\/S1726-46342011000400011","article-title":"Accidentes por mordedura canina, casos registrados en un hospital de ni\u00f1os de Lima, Per\u00fa 1995-2009.","volume":"28","author":"Morales","year":"2011","journal-title":"Rev Peru Med Exp Salud Publica."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40621-020-00281-y","article-title":"The changing epidemiology of dog bite injuries in the United States, 2005\u20132018.","volume":"7","author":"Tuckel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Inj Epidemiol."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S17","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0b013e3181937925","article-title":"Analysis of nonfatal dog bites in children.","volume":"66","author":"Daniels","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Trauma."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1270","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2012.11.087","article-title":"Dog bite injuries among American Indian and Alaska native children.","volume":"162","author":"Bjork","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Pediatr."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2014.09.051","article-title":"Morbidity of pediatric dog bites: a case series at a level one pediatric trauma center.","volume":"50","author":"Garvey","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1111\/zph.12115","article-title":"Cause, setting and ownership analysis of dog bites in Bay County, Florida from 2009 to 2010.","volume":"62","author":"Matthias","year":"2015","journal-title":"Zoonoses Public Health."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1111\/jpc.12642","article-title":"Retrospective review of dog bite injuries in children presenting to a South Australian tertiary children\u2019s hospital emergency department.","volume":"50","author":"Chiam","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Paediatr Child Health."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1416","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2018.09.022","article-title":"Pediatric dog bite injuries in central Texas.","volume":"54","author":"Abraham","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Pediatric Surg."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-002-1130-6","article-title":"Child victims of dog bites treated in emergency departments: a prospective survey.","volume":"162","author":"Kahn","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/GOX.0000000000001431","article-title":"An algorithmic approach to operative management of complex pediatric dog bites: 3-year review of a level I regional referral pediatric trauma hospital.","volume":"5","author":"Alizadeh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0007477","article-title":"One-year descriptive analysis of patients treated at an anti-rabies clinic-A retrospective study from Kashmir.","volume":"14","author":"Bashir","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.6558","article-title":"An audit of patients with dog-bite wounds presenting to a tertiary level hospital emergency department in South Africa.","volume":"12","author":"Nkomo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cureus."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1097\/01.pec.0000280509.67795.a9","article-title":"Issues associated with dog bite injuries in children and adolescents assessed at the emergency department.","volume":"23","author":"Hon","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pediatr Emerg Care."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1111\/1753-6405.12630","article-title":"The incidence of public sector hospitalisations due to dog bites in Australia 2001-2013.","volume":"41","author":"Rajshekar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Public Health."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjpo-2020-000726","article-title":"Pet dog bites in children: management and prevention.","volume":"4","author":"Kakeman","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ Paediatr Open."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1512","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.320.7248.1512","article-title":"Preventing dog bites in children: randomised controlled trial of an educational intervention.","volume":"320","author":"Chapman","year":"2000","journal-title":"BMJ."},{"key":"B42","article-title":"Education of children and adolescents for the prevention of dog bite injuries.","volume":"15","author":"Duperrex","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1093\/jpepsy\/jsv164","article-title":"Systematic review: interventions to educate children about dog safety and prevent pediatric dog-bite injuries: a meta-analytic review.","volume":"42","author":"Shen","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Pediatr Psychol."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1084","DOI":"10.1093\/jpepsy\/jsp053","article-title":"Brief report: don\u2019t kiss a sleeping dog: the first assessment of \u201cthe blue dog\u201d bite prevention program.","volume":"34","author":"Meints","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Pediatr Psychol."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1293","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2003.223.1293","article-title":"Development and validation of a questionnaire for measuring behavior and temperament traits in pet dogs.","volume":"223","author":"Hsu","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1093\/jpepsy\/jsr102","article-title":"The Blue Dog: evaluation of an interactive software program to teach young children how to interact safely with dogs.","volume":"37","author":"Schwebel","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Pediatr Psychol."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"966","DOI":"10.1097\/PEC.0b013e31826c6c13","article-title":"Dog bites: an opportunity for parent education in the pediatric emergency department.","volume":"28","author":"Shields","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pediatr Emerg Care."},{"key":"B48","year":"2022","journal-title":"Safe Relationships Between Children and Dogs \u2013 The Blue Dog 2022 [Internet]."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Pediatrics"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fped.2022.963803\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,3]],"date-time":"2022-08-03T05:19:33Z","timestamp":1659503973000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fped.2022.963803\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,3]]},"references-count":48,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fped.2022.963803"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fped.2022.963803","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-2360"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-2360","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,3]]},"article-number":"963803"}}