{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T18:52:03Z","timestamp":1791312723568,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,31]],"date-time":"2022-10-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667174400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pediatr."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The application of peripherally inserted central venous catheters (PICCs) in neonates has proven effective in avoiding repetitive insertions and excessive use of transfusion consumables. However, the frequent occurrence of PICC-associated complications deserves special attention, especially in extremely or very low birthweight (E\/VLBW) infants, which in turn affects the quality of neonatal PICC practice. Therefore, we conducted a retrospective study of a 3-year clinical practice of neonatal PICCs in E\/VLBW infants to understand the incidences of various catheter-related complications and their risk factors to help form an empirical summary and evidence-based guidance for the improvement of practice.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A retrospective study was conducted based on a 3-year practice of neonatal PICCs in E\/VLBW infants. Neonatal health records were collected, including demographic characteristics, PICC placement data, and treatment information.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 519 E\/VLBW infants were included in this study. There were 77 cases of complications involving 72 infants with an overall incidence of 12.13%. The order of incidences of different complications from high to low was phlebitis (7.71%), malposition (3.66%), leakage (1.35%), pleural effusion (1.15%), central line-associated bloodstream infection (0.58%, 0.25\/1,000d), and accidental removal (0.38%). Multivariate analysis revealed that the inserted vessel was an independent risk factor for PICC-associated complications (mainly phlebitis; <jats:italic>p\u2009<\/jats:italic>=\u20090.002). Neonatal PICCs inserted in the axillary vein were only one-tenth (<jats:italic>p\u2009<\/jats:italic>=\u20090.026) as likely to cause phlebitis as in the basilic vein, whereas when applied in the saphenous vein, neonatal PICCs were five times as likely to cause phlebitis (<jats:italic>p\u2009<\/jats:italic>=\u20090.000).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>E\/VLBW infants might be more inclined to develop PICC-associated phlebitis. Catheters inserted in the axillary or basilic vein are preferred if possible.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2022.987512","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,31]],"date-time":"2022-10-31T05:50:56Z","timestamp":1667195456000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["A review of neonatal peripherally inserted central venous catheters in extremely or very low birthweight infants based on a 3-year clinical practice: Complication incidences and risk 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