{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T19:25:41Z","timestamp":1774639541251,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,11]],"date-time":"2023-01-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1673395200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pediatr."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Kawasaki disease(KD) is a vasculitis of childhood that tends to influence the coronary arteries. There is no national data about the prevalence of KD in Iran. This study aimed to perform a national registry in Iran for 13 years.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this retrospective study, the data for KD extracted from medical records of &amp;lt;19 year-old patients admitted to tertiary hospitals in Iran between 2007 and 2019 were recorded in the national KD registry system. Age, admission date, gender, location, and presence of KD criteria, laboratory and echocardiography findings, and treatment modalities were evaluated. Complete KD was considered if \u22654 clinical criteria of the KD existed and otherwise, incomplete KD was considered.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Data from 1,682 KD patients including 999(59.39%) boys and 683(40.61%) girls and male\/female ratio of 1.46 were evaluated. The mean age was 3.08\u2009\u00b1\u20092.49 years and 1465(87%) were living in urban regions. The yearly incidence of the disease was between 2.62 to 3.03 from 2015 to 2019. The highest age-specific incidence was observed in children &amp;lt;1-year-old. Incomplete and resistant KD included 1,321(78.54%) and 9(0.54%) patients, respectively. Abnormal echocardiography was detected in 619(36.80%) patients. Leukocytosis, with dominancy of neutrophils, anemia, thrombocytosis and increased ESR and CRP were the most noticeable laboratory findings. No death due to KD disease was reported.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Based on this study, most of the KD cases are presented with atypical presentation in Iran. So, increasing awareness of primary healthcare workers by educating and updating their data is very important in timely diagnosis and management of the disease.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2022.988371","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,11]],"date-time":"2023-01-11T17:12:09Z","timestamp":1673457129000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Epidemiological data of national Kawasaki disease registry in Iran, 2007\u20132019"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Leila","family":"Shahbaznejad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Hosseininasab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leila","family":"Mahboobi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hamid","family":"Mohammadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hassan","family":"Esmaeili","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seyed Majid","family":"Farrokhi Far","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Reza","family":"Alipour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Iraj","family":"Sedighi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roxana","family":"Mansour Ghanaei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Behnam","family":"Sobouti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alireza","family":"Taremiha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abdol Reza","family":"Malek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Keyghobad","family":"Ghadiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gholamreza","family":"Soleimani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hamed","family":"Tabasizadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abdolkarim","family":"Ghadimi Moghadam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Manouchehr","family":"Barak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Forood","family":"Salehi Abarghouei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Houman","family":"Hashemian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hossein","family":"Daryani Nezhad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hamid Reza","family":"Sherkatolabbasieh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masoumeh","family":"Abedini-Varamini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Bagher","family":"Rahmati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Faezeh Sadat","family":"Movahedi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Sadegh","family":"Rezai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.5455\/msm.2014.26.256-260","article-title":"Erythema at BCG inoculation site in Kawasaki disease patients","volume":"26","author":"Rezai","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mater Sociomed"},{"key":"B2","first-page":"44","article-title":"Intravenous immunoglobulin resistant Kawasaki disease","volume":"1","author":"Navaeifar","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Pediatr Rev"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1708","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2004-2182","article-title":"Diagnosis, treatment, and long-term management of Kawasaki disease: a statement for health professionals from the committee on rheumatic fever, endocarditis, and Kawasaki disease, council on cardiovascular disease in the young, American heart association","volume":"114","author":"Newburger","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-020-05535-0","article-title":"Tracking awareness for Kawasaki disease in children related to the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"40","author":"Springer","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina58060734","article-title":"Clinical manifestations and laboratory findings of Kawasaki disease: beyond the classic diagnostic features","volume":"58","author":"Lee","year":"2022","journal-title":"Medicina (B Aires)"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e927","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000484","article-title":"Diagnosis, treatment, and long-term management of Kawasaki disease: a scientific statement for health professionals from the American heart association","volume":"135","author":"McCrindle","year":"2017","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.2147\/OARRR.S255138","article-title":"Determination of the relationship between kobayashi, sano, and egami criteria and prevalence of intravenous immunoglobulin resistance and coronary artery aneurysm in Iranian children with Kawasaki disease","volume":"12","author":"Shashaani","year":"2020","journal-title":"Open Access Rheumatol"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1111\/ped.13809","article-title":"Nationwide epidemiologic survey of Kawasaki disease in Japan, 2015\u20132016","volume":"61","author":"Makino","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pediatr Int"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-200301000-00026","article-title":"Summary and abstracts of the seventh international Kawasaki disease symposium: december 4\u20137, 2001, Hakone, Japan","volume":"53","author":"Newburger","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-200X.2010.03178.x","article-title":"Epidemiological features of Kawasaki disease in Korea, 2006\u20132008","volume":"53","author":"Park","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pediatr Int"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2019.00121","article-title":"Increased incidence of Kawasaki disease in Taiwan in recent years: a 15 years nationwide population-based cohort study","volume":"7","author":"Huang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Pediatr"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e201720","DOI":"10.21542\/gcsp.2017.20","article-title":"The global epidemiology of Kawasaki disease: review and future perspectives","volume":"2017","author":"Lin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Glob Cardiol Sci Pract"},{"key":"B13","first-page":"22","article-title":"Isolation of Kawasaki disease-associated with bacterial sequence from peripheral blood leukocytes","volume":"18","author":"Rezai","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Mazandaran Univ Med Sci"},{"key":"B14","first-page":"109","article-title":"The experince with 113 patients with kawasaki disease in fars province, Iran","volume":"48","author":"Asadi-Pooya","year":"2006","journal-title":"Turk J Pediatr"},{"key":"B15","first-page":"28","article-title":"Kawasaki disease in east mazandaran, Islamic Republic of Iran, 1997-2002","volume":"11","author":"Saffar","year":"2005","journal-title":"EMHJ-East Mediterr Health J"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2022.834306","article-title":"Developing a national Minimum data set for Kawasaki disease registry in Iran","volume":"10","author":"Qazizadeh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Pediatr"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0215665","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0215665","article-title":"Epidemiological and clinical features of Kawasaki disease in Spain over 5 years and risk factors for aneurysm development.(2011-2016): KAWA-RACE study group","volume":"14","author":"Fernandez-Cooke","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0b013e3181cf8705","article-title":"Hospitalizations for Kawasaki syndrome among children in the United States, 1997\u20132007","volume":"29","author":"Holman","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina56040145","article-title":"Clinical manifestations of Kawasaki disease at different age spectrum: a ten-year study","volume":"56","author":"Medeiros R de Magalh\u00e3es","year":"2020","journal-title":"Medicina (B Aires)"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2018.03.005","article-title":"State-of-the-art acute phase management of Kawasaki disease after 2017 scientific statement from the American heart association","volume":"59","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pediatr Neonatol"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/srep00152","article-title":"Association of Kawasaki disease with tropospheric wind patterns","volume":"1","author":"Rod\u00f3","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2333794X16630670","DOI":"10.1177\/2333794X16630670","article-title":"Incidence rate and epidemiological and clinical aspects of kawasaki disease in children of maghrebi origin in the province of Quebec, Canada, compared to the country of origin","volume":"3","author":"Gorrab","year":"2016","journal-title":"Global Pediatric Health"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0000000000001444","article-title":"Twelve years of kawasaki disease in Portugal","volume":"36","author":"Pinto","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Pediatrics"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fped.2022.988371\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,11]],"date-time":"2023-01-11T17:12:18Z","timestamp":1673457138000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fped.2022.988371\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,11]]},"references-count":23,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fped.2022.988371"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fped.2022.988371","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-2360"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-2360","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,11]]},"article-number":"988371"}}