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While the role of RSV in the onset of atopic asthma is widely recognized, its impact on the onset of non-atopic asthma, mediated <jats:italic>via<\/jats:italic> other and independent causal pathways, has long been also suspected, but the association is less clear. Following RSV infection, the release of local pro-inflammatory molecules, the dysfunction of neural pathways, and the compromised epithelial integrity can become chronic and influence airway development, leading to bronchial hyperreactivity and asthma, regardless of atopic status. After a brief review of the RSV structure and its interaction with the immune system and neuronal pathways, this review summarizes the current evidence about the RSV-mediated pathogenic pathways in predisposing and inducing airway dysfunction and non-allergic asthma development.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2022.998296","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,20]],"date-time":"2022-09-20T04:23:56Z","timestamp":1663647836000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["An overview on the RSV-mediated mechanisms in the onset of non-allergic asthma"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Sara","family":"Manti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Piedimonte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S13","DOI":"10.3949\/ccjm.82.s1.03","article-title":"RSV infections: state of the art","volume":"82","author":"Piedimonte","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cleve Clin J Med."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1045","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2009.121582","article-title":"Asthma and allergy patterns over 18 years after severe RSV bronchiolitis in the first year of life","volume":"65","author":"Sigurs","year":"2010","journal-title":"Thorax."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2431-5-31","article-title":"Acute bronchiolitis in infancy as risk factor for wheezing and reduced pulmonary function by seven years in Akershus County, Norway","volume":"5","author":"Fjaerli","year":"2005","journal-title":"BMC Pediatr."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-200X.2007.02509.x","article-title":"Asthma, lung function and sensitization in school children with a history of bronchiolitis","volume":"50","author":"Cassimos","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pediatr Int."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e87162","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0087162","article-title":"Increased risk of wheeze and decreased lung function after respiratory syncytial virus infection","volume":"9","author":"Zomer-Kooijker","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.14412","article-title":"Prospective study confirms that bronchiolitis in early infancy increases the risk of reduced lung function at 10\u201313 years of age","volume":"108","author":"Riikonen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1586\/eri.11.92","article-title":"Evidence for a causal relationship between respiratory syncytial virus infection and asthma","volume":"9","author":"Wu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2008.10.042","article-title":"The causal direction in the association between respiratory syncytial virus hospitalization and asthma","volume":"123","author":"Stensballe","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1123","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200804-579OC","article-title":"Evidence of a causal role of winter virus infection during infancy in early childhood asthma","volume":"178","author":"Wu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1357","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.182.5.1357","article-title":"Heterogeneity of intracellular cytokine synthesis at the single-cell level in polarized T helper 1 and T helper 2 populations","volume":"182","author":"Openshaw","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Exp Med."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(01)00209-6","article-title":"Immunopathology in RSV infection is mediated by a discrete oligoclonal subset of antigen-specific CD4(+) T cells","volume":"15","author":"Varga","year":"2001","journal-title":"Immunity."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1381","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20020943","article-title":"Age at first viral infection determines the pattern of T cell-mediated disease during reinfection in adulthood","volume":"196","author":"Culley","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Exp Med."},{"key":"B13","first-page":"p. 11","article-title":"Immunologic mechanisms in RSV-related allergy and asthma. 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