{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T16:11:25Z","timestamp":1753891885073,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,17]],"date-time":"2023-07-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1689552000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pediatr."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background and aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>Precision-cut tissue slices (PCTS) are widely used as an <jats:italic>ex vivo<\/jats:italic> culture tissue culture technique to study pathogeneses of diseases and drug activities in organs <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>. A novel application of the PCTS model may be in the field of translational research into cholangiopathies such as biliary atresia. Therefore, the aim of this study was to apply the precision-cut slice technique to human bile duct and gallbladder tissue.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cystic duct and gallbladder tissue derived from patients undergoing a cholecystectomy were collected, preserved and used for preparation of precision-cut cystic duct slices (PCCDS) and precision-cut gallbladder slices (PCGS). The PCCDS and PCGS were prepared using a mechanical tissue slicer and subsequently incubated for 24 and 48\u2005h respectively in William's Medium E (WME) culture medium. Viability was assessed based on ATP\/protein content and tissue morphology [hematoxylin and eosin (H&amp;amp;E) staining].<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>It was shown that viability, assessed by the ATP\/protein content and morphology, of the PCCDS (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20098) and PCGS (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20098) could be maintained over the 24 and 48\u2005h incubation period respectively. ATP\/protein content of the PCCDS increased significantly from 0.58\u2009\u00b1\u20090.13\u2005pmol\/\u00b5g at 0\u2005h to 2.4\u2009\u00b1\u20090.29\u2005pmol\/\u00b5g after 24\u2005h incubation (<jats:italic>P\u2009<\/jats:italic>=\u2009.0003). A similar significant increase from 0.94\u2009\u00b1\u20090.22\u2005pmol\/\u00b5g at 0\u2005h to 3.7\u2009\u00b1\u20090.41\u2005pmol\/\u00b5g after 24\u2005h (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.0005) and 4.2\u2009\u00b1\u20090.47\u2005pmol\/\u00b5g after 48\u2005h (<jats:italic>P\u2009<\/jats:italic>=\u2009.0002) was observed in the PCGS. Morphological assessment of the PCCDS and PCGS showed viable tissue at 0\u2005h and after 24 and 48\u2005h incubation respectively.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study is the first to report on the use of the PCTS model for human gallbladder and cystic duct tissue. PCCDS and PCGS remain viable for an incubation period of at least 24\u2005h, which makes them suitable for research purposes in the field of cholangiopathies, including biliary atresia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2023.1058319","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,17]],"date-time":"2023-07-17T08:36:44Z","timestamp":1689583004000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Human precision-cut cystic duct and gallbladder slices: a novel method for studying cholangiopathies"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Jeske","family":"Fridrichs","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bart","family":"Hamel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wendy","family":"Kelder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ewoud","family":"van den Hoed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marius C.","family":"van den Heuvel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jan B. 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