{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T00:17:36Z","timestamp":1791505056723,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,7]],"date-time":"2023-02-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675728000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pediatr."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Neonatal care for preterm babies is prolonged and expensive. Our aim was to analyze and report costs associated with common preterm diagnoses during NICU stay.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We analyzed data from the Ontario healthcare data service. Diagnoses were collated by discharge ICD codes, and categorized by gestational age. We calculated typical non parametric statistics, and for each diagnosis we calculated median shifts and generalized linear mode.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We included data on 12,660 infants between 23 and 30 weeks gestation in 2005-2017. Calculated cost increment with diagnosis were: Intestinal obstruction: $94,738.08 (95%CI: $70,093.3, $117,294.2), Ventriculoperitoneal shunt: $86,456.60 (95%CI: $60,773.7, $111,552.2), Chronic Lung Disease $77,497.70 (95%CI: $74,937.2, $80,012.8), Intestinal perforation $57,997.15 (95%CI:$45,324.7, $70,652.6), Retinopathy of Prematurity: $55,761.80 (95%CI: $53,916.2, $57,620.1), Patent Ductus Arteriosus $53,453.70 (95%CI: $51,206.9, $55692.7, Post-haemorrhagic ventriculomegaly $41,822.50 (95%CI: $34,590.4, $48,872.4), Necrotizing Enterocolitis $39,785 (95%CI: $35,728.9, $43,879), Meningitis $38,871.85 (95%CI: $25,272.7, $52,224.4), Late onset sepsis $32,954.20 (95%CI: $30,403.7, 35.515), Feeding difficulties $24,820.90 (95%CI: $22,553.3, $27,064.7), Pneumonia $23,781.70 (95%CI: $18,623.8, $28,881.6), Grade &amp;gt;2 Intraventricular Haemorrhage $14,777.38 (95%CI: $9,821.7, $20,085.2). Adjusted generalized linear model of diagnoses as coefficients for cost confirmed significance and robustness of the model.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cost of care for preterm infant is expensive, and significantly increases with prematurity complication. Interventions to reduce those complications may enable resource allocation and better understanding of the needs of the neonatal health services.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2023.1068367","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,7]],"date-time":"2023-02-07T01:36:32Z","timestamp":1675733792000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["The price of neonatal intensive care outcomes \u2013 in-hospital costs of morbidities related to preterm birth"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Asaph","family":"Rolnitsky","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sharon","family":"Unger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Urbach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chaim M.","family":"Bell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2018.04.003","article-title":"The global epidemiology of preterm birth","volume":"52","author":"Vogel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1038\/s41390-020-0968-5","article-title":"Predicting the outcomes of preterm neonates beyond the neonatal intensive care unit: what are we missing?","volume":"89","author":"Crilly","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"426.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2014.01.046","article-title":"Correlation between initial neonatal and early childhood outcomes following preterm birth","volume":"210","author":"Manuck","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2009-2959","article-title":"Neonatal outcomes of extremely preterm infants from the NICHD neonatal research network","volume":"126","author":"Stoll","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"F208","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2017-312748","article-title":"Survival of very preterm infants admitted to neonatal care in England 2008\u20132014: time trends and regional variation","volume":"103","author":"Santhakumaran","year":"2018","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child - Fetal Neonatal Ed"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"F323","DOI":"10.1136\/fetalneonatal-2011-301008","article-title":"Trends and centre-to-centre variability in survival rates of very preterm infants (<32 weeks) over a 10-year-period in Switzerland","volume":"97","author":"Berger","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child - Fetal Neonatal Ed"},{"key":"B7","article-title":"National trends in survival and short-term outcomes of periviable births \u226424 weeks gestation in the United States, 2009 to 2018","author":"Doshi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Perinatol [Internet]"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E44","DOI":"10.9778\/cmajo.20170128","article-title":"The Canadian preterm birth network: a study protocol for improving outcomes for preterm infants and their families","volume":"6","author":"Shah","year":"2018","journal-title":"CMAJ Open"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1950.02920070030008","article-title":"Mortality and cost experience with premature infants in 1948","volume":"144","author":"Herbolsheimer","year":"1950","journal-title":"J Am Med Assoc"},{"key":"B10","first-page":"41","article-title":"The cost factor in premature infant care","volume":"31","author":"Hahn","year":"1957","journal-title":"Hospitals"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"808","DOI":"10.1007\/s10995-015-1911-y","article-title":"Hospital utilization and costs among preterm infants by payer: nationwide inpatient sample, 2009","volume":"20","author":"Barradas","year":"2016","journal-title":"Matern Child Health J"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e866","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2006-1729","article-title":"Preterm birth-associated cost of early intervention services: an analysis by gestational age","volume":"119","author":"Clements","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0149179","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0149179","article-title":"Who are the high-cost users? 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