{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T22:00:06Z","timestamp":1784584806045,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,12]],"date-time":"2023-04-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1681257600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pediatr."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Epigastric heteropagus twins are an extremely rare congenital anomaly of conjoined twins. We present a case of epigastric heteropagus twins who were diagnosed <jats:italic>via<\/jats:italic> prenatal ultrasound imaging: the fetus (or host) was connected to the abdominal wall of the parasite (the dependent portion), and an omphalocele was present. The male infant was delivered by cesarean section at 35\u2009+\u20095 weeks gestation. The parasite lacked a head and heart and presented long bones of the limbs. After abdominal computed tomography, omphalocele repair, and parasite removal were surgically performed under general anesthesia. After discharge (follow-up, 3 months), the infant is currently growing well and is healing satisfactorily. Forty-one cases of epigastric heteropagus twins were retrieved from database searches: 38 good postoperative outcomes, 2 perioperative deaths, and 1 termination. The case highlights that even when parasites are massive in size, births can present good outcomes with suitable surgical treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2023.1088480","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,12]],"date-time":"2023-04-12T13:11:44Z","timestamp":1681305104000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Case report: Epigastric heteropagus twins and literature review"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Wenbin","family":"Zhu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiongjian","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhaohan","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhaolin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gang","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suixin","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianxiong","family":"Mao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1523","DOI":"10.1053\/jpsu.2000.16432","article-title":"An unusual case of epigastric heteropagus: parasite with a rudimentary heart","volume":"35","author":"Ozcan","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"814","DOI":"10.1002\/pd.1268","article-title":"Conjoined twins","volume":"25","author":"Spitz","year":"2005","journal-title":"Prenat Diagn"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2010.09.045","article-title":"The epigastric heteropagus conjoined twins","volume":"46","author":"Abubakar","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-8628(19971219)73:3%3C239::AID-AJMG1%3E3.0.CO;2-N","article-title":"Heteropagus conjoined twins due to fusion of two embryos: report and review","volume":"73","author":"Logro\u00f1o","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1357","DOI":"10.1053\/jpsu.2002.35011","article-title":"Parasitic omphalopagus complicated by omphalocele and congenital heart disease","volume":"37","author":"De Ugarte","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"},{"key":"B6","first-page":"3","article-title":"Surgical management of congenital conjoined anomalies","volume":"24","author":"Shi","year":"2003","journal-title":"Chin J Pediatr Surg"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1064","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000002660","article-title":"Separation of thoraco-omphalo-ischiopagus conjoined twins: surgical planning, management, and outcomes","volume":"138","author":"Trost","year":"2016","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"B8","first-page":"1","article-title":"Two cases of parasitic fetus","volume":"32","author":"Gu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Chin J Pediatr Surg"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1476","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3468(97)90567-4","article-title":"Fetus-in-fetu with malignant recurrence","volume":"32","author":"Hopkins","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3468(69)90498-9","article-title":"Conjoined twins and twin parasite: clinical analysis of three examples","volume":"4","author":"Poradowska","year":"1969","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Pediatrics"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fped.2023.1088480\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,12]],"date-time":"2023-04-12T13:11:53Z","timestamp":1681305113000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fped.2023.1088480\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,12]]},"references-count":10,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fped.2023.1088480"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fped.2023.1088480","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-2360"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-2360","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,12]]},"article-number":"1088480"}}